Mimarlık Fakültesi

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Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 5
Aciksaray "open Palace": a Byzantine Rock-Cut Settlement in Cappadocia
(Walter de Gruyter Gmbh, 2014) Ozturk, Fatma Gul
Courtyard complexes formed entirely out of the volcanic rock mass in Cappadocia, in Central Anatolia, differ from the other rock-cut structures in the region, in both scale and elaboration of design. There are more than forty such complexes in Cappadocia, either gathered in one location or isolated. Located on the Nevsehir-Gulsehir road, Aciksaray contains nine such complexes in close proximity, many of which feature monumental facades as well as reception areas and utilitarian spaces such as large stables around a courtyard. This paper, in the light of survey results, presents site analysis and architectural readings that lead the discussion of the nature and stages of occupation at Aciksaray. By doing this, the paper aims to bring new insights to the discussion on courtyard complexes, adding details and nuance to our understanding of the Aciksaray settlement, while noting similarities with other settlements in the region. Underlining the secular and elite character of the Aciksaray settlement, this study contributes in particular to enlarging the picture of medieval life in Cappadocia, and in general to the studies of Byzantine domestic architecture, for which architectural evidence is still scarce.
Citation - WoS: 7
Citation - Scopus: 8
The Acoustic Characterization of Worship Ambiance and Speech Intelligibility in Wooden Hypostyle Structures: The Case of the Aslanhane Mosque
(Springer Singapore Pte Ltd, 2021) Kitapci, Kivanc; Celik Basok, Gulsah
The challenge in the acoustics design of the traditional mosque is twofold. First, the interior atmosphere of the space should create a sacred feeling on the users' holistic and phenomenological spatial perception, which is generally recognized as a direct effect of increased reverberation time (T30) and low clarity (C80). Second, speech should be adequately intelligible, which requires a low T30 and high speech clarity, contradicting the initial concern of the sacred atmosphere. We hypothesize that in Islamic architecture, wooden hypostyle mosques may comply better with the reverberation time requirements of speech intelligibility, while maintaining the sacred feeling, due to their comparatively absorptive surface finishing materials and structural elements. The Aslanhane Mosque is a unique sacred structure within its era of construction, well-known with its wooden columns and ceiling. It is an important case for room acoustics analysis of such holy spaces. This study aimed to analyze the room acoustic measurement results of the Aslanhane Mosque, evaluating the intelligibility of speech and interpreting the sacred feeling created by reverberance, envelopment, and spaciousness, which are all crucial in such holy structures. It is revealed that although the Aslanhane Mosque's subjective rating for speech intelligibility is "good," the overall low volume of the mosque and the lack of surface reflections decrease the sacred sensation. Additionally, the intelligibility of speech is vulnerable to obstacles within the line of sight, such as load-bearing columns. Lastly, it was observed that the increase in T30 at low frequencies improved the sacred sensation, envelopment, and spaciousness, without any profound negative impact on the intelligibility of speech.
Citation - WoS: 23
Citation - Scopus: 31
An Integrated Framework on Soundscape Perception and Spatial Experience by Adapting Post-Occupancy Evaluation Methodology
(Sage Publications Inc, 2018) Aburawis, Ayad A. Mohamed; Yorukoglu, Papatya Nur Dokmeci
The effecting factors of soundscape perception and space experience have a very close relationship. This study aims to synthesize the diversity of soundscape classifications and schemes and unify such factorial variations in order to develop an integrated framework for soundscape perception and spatial experience within a systematic review of recent progress and by adapting post-occupancy evaluation methodology. First, factors under soundscape perception and space experience are reviewed in detail and merged to form conceptual classification models. Six soundscape perception factors are formed as (1) sonic, (2) spatial, (3) temporal, (4) psychological, (5) behavioural and (6) personal. Similarly, five space experience factors are formed as (1) user, (2) usage, (3) architectural design, (4) social context and (5) physical environment. All related items in the literature are presented and the sub-items under each factor are exemplified. Second, factors under the merged conceptual models are integrated by considering occupants' experience of space regarding their variance in perception of soundscapes through acoustical post-occupancy evaluation. An adapted study design is proposed under indicative, investigative and diagnostic stages of the post-occupancy evaluation by presenting the methods, data types and factorial correlations for each stage.
Assessment of the energy savings and CO2 emissions reduction of glass structures through alternative demolition scenarios
(2016) Çelebi, Gülser; Tuna, Merve; Veer, Frederic
Glass is a material that has been significantly increasing its role in architecture in recent decades. Although glass is a material that can survive long, as can be seen from the archaeological pieces in many museums, in practice the glass structures that built nowadays have a finite life time. A notorious case is the original New York Apple Cube, which was removed and replaced within several years of original completion.Whatever the eventual lifetime of the structure, there will be a point where the structure needs to be demolished. This introduces critical questions about the relation between ecological impact and the demolition methods and procedure. This paper looks at the eco-impact of different end of life scenarios of glass structures, using the Haarlem glass cube as a well-documented example to determine the differences between various ends of life scenarios.
Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 6
Audio-Visual Interactions and the Influence of Colour on Noise Annoyance Evaluations
(Springer Singapore Pte Ltd, 2021) Kitapci, Kivanc; Akbay, Saadet
This study aims to examine the influence of colour exposure on noise annoyance. Previous studies in the literature have focused mostly on the effects of colour exposure on loudness judgements; however, due to the cognitive nature of multisensory perception, the influence of colour on noise annoyance also needs to be investigated. Our experiments were designed to administer non-information-carrying sound signals (i.e. white noise) and visual stimuli (i.e. abstract colour samples) and to limit visual and auditory contextual information. Participants were asked to evaluate noise annoyance on an 11-point International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise (ICBEN) scale. The experiments were conducted in the form of audio-visual tests. During these tests, random combinations of three white noise sound samples with sound pressure levels of 66 dB(A) (-4 dB[A] acoustic condition), 70 dB(A) (0 dB[A] acoustic condition) and 74 dB(A) (+4 dB[A] acoustic condition), and six visual stimuli, including the elementary colours of the Natural Colour System (NCS)-yellow (Y), red (R), blue (B), green (G), white (W) and black (S)-were presented to a total of 42 participants. The black colour sample was used to measure the audio-only control condition for the three white noise sound samples. The results of the study reveal that the effects of sound, the effects of colour and the interaction effects of colour and sound on perceived noise annoyance were statistically significant. The effects of colour on the loudness evaluations of the previous studies and the effects of colour on noise annoyance evaluations presented in this study show very similar and concordant results, indicating that the effects of colour on noise annoyance depend on the sound pressure level (SPL). The results indicate that the hue contrasts of red-green, red-blue and yellow-blue and the lightness contrast of yellow-blue influenced perceived noise annoyance when the SPL was low or high. Within the contrast pairs, red and yellow were perceived to be annoying, whereas blue and green were perceived to be non-annoying.
Challenges of the (Anti) Adaptive Urbanization in Multiple Scales
(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2023) Orhan, Ezgi; Lotfata, Aynaz
Citation - WoS: 19
Citation - Scopus: 25
Comparing Turkish and European Noise Management and Soundscape Policies: a Proposal of Indoor Soundscape Integration To Architectural Design and Application
(Mdpi, 2019) Ercakmak, Ugur Beyza; Yorukoglu, Papatya Nur Dokmeci
Improving soundscape studies and policies states that the soundscape approach, which also considers noise interventions, should replace noise management. However, a considerable number of soundscape studies have been concerned with the quality of acoustic environments of open and urban public spaces. This study focuses on indoor soundscaping and its possible integration into the architectural design and application process. Therefore, the present and ongoing Turkish and European soundscape and noise management policies were evaluated in detail and compared in order to characterize the gap regarding the state of indoor soundscaping between the literature and the policy development level. Furthermore, we identified and classified factors and methods which have an influence on indoor soundscaping to be integrated into the final proposed model. As a result of the detailed evaluation regarding policies and indoor soundscaping principles, five stages were proposed that can be used in an integrated indoor soundscape model: (1) the establishment of a topic specific institution or working group on indoor soundscaping; (2) the preparation of a standard that includes definitions, indoor soundscape factors and methods; (3) the preparation of an indoor soundscape directive; (4) the preparation of indoor soundscape guidelines; and (5) the provision of maintenance and supervision by experts and authorities.
Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 8
A Comparison of the Cognitive Actions of Designers in Geometry-Based and Parametric Design Environments
(Open House int, 2020) Pektas, Sule Tasli; Tunger, Cetin
Purpose - This paper aims to compare designers' cognitive behaviors in geometry-based modeling environments (GMEs) and parametric design environments (PDEs). Design/methodology/approach - This study used Rhinoceros as the geometric and Grasshopper as the parametric design tool in an experimental setting. Designers' cognitive behaviors were investigated by using the retrospective protocol analysis method with a content-oriented approach. Findings - The results indicated that the participants performed more cognitive actions per minute in the PDE because of the extra algorithmic space that such environments include. On the other hand, the students viewed their designs more and focused more on product user relation in the geometric modeling environment. While the students followed a top-down process and produced less number of topologically different design alternatives with the parametric design tool, they had more goal setting activities and higher number of alternative designs in the geometric modeling environment. Originality/value - This study indicates that cognitive behaviors of designers in GMEs and PDF-s differ significantly and these differences entail further attention from researchers and educators.
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 3
Construing Colours Using Repertory Grid Technique: an Idiographic Approach in Colour Perception
(Wiley, 2022) Akbay, Saadet; Borekci, Naz A. G. Z.
This article offers an alternative methodological approach to the exploration of subjective experiences by studying individuals' personal views of perceived colours. The study aims to investigate the construals of individuals related to perceived colours using an idiographic approach. The subjective approach proposed is based on the theory of personal construct psychology and the methodology of the repertory grid technique. A repertory grid experiment was conducted to determine individuals' ways of construing colours and examine the collective understanding of the content and structure of individuals' construals concerning perceived colours. Sixty undergraduate students participated in the experiment, yielding 60 different repertory grids that included a number of personal constructs indicating the construal process of participants in differentiating between 11 basic colours. Participants produced their own semantic bipolar dimensions for comparing the perceived colours and creating differential ratings according to their personal constructs. The elicited data were evaluated using qualitative content analysis to understand the differences between individual systems of constructs and investigate the commonality of shared constructs relating to colours. The data were also analyzed quantitatively to investigate the common structure of and interrelationship between elicited constructs and perceived colours. The outcomes have the potential to contribute to academic and practical knowledge concerning colour perception, as well as encouraging further studies with an idiographic approach.
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 4
Creation of a New Vernacular Architecture and the Attainment of Sustainability: the Case of Akyaka Town Development
(Mdpi, 2023) Urey, Zeynep Cigdem Uysal
This study problematizes a case where the interpretation of local architectural types by a designer forms a new vernacular architecture that shapes the sphere of a newly developing small town towards one that became sustainable. The house built by Nail Cakirhan for himself in Akyaka (Turkey) opens up a new future in front of the small village of then, towards becoming a touristic center with a specific architectural language of its own. Cakirhan designs his house by interpreting the traditional houses of his hometown, Ula, which is only a few kilometers away from the village of Akyaka. The design of the house initiates the formation of a unique architectural language for Akyaka, which gradually evolves into a new vernacular architecture. Since then, this invented architectural tradition has both transformed the village into a popular touristic town and also initiated a sustainable approach due to its sensitivity for the cultural and natural assets of the context. This architectural language is protected by the master development plan now, and the town is declared as a 'slow-city' due to its culturally and environmentally sensitive character. In order to portray this development, this study will first examine Cakirhan's house in relation to its referential and actual contexts, then it will observe the development of the town of Akyaka by means of looking at Cakirhan architecture in Akyaka, the master development plan of Akyaka that protects the architectural language, and the development of the town as a sustainable, slow-city. The portrayal of the architectural development of Akyaka could demonstrate how a fairly recent architectural practice can today result in the development of a sustainable and harmonious architectural environment.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 1
Decoding the Impact of Covid-19 on Everyday Life Practices of Syrian Refugees: an Investigation at the Neighbourhood Level
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Kahraman, Z. Ezgi Haliloglu
This study investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic at the neighbourhood level on the everyday life practices of Syrian refugees and the potential reasons for virus transmission in their settlements. It is based on fieldwork in an ethnic enclave of Ankara, which revealed comparative insights into everyday life practices of Syrians before and after the outbreak, their perceptions, reactions and strategies towards the pandemic and its countermeasures. Their religious beliefs, socio-cultural structure, social networks and economic struggles have significant effects on their perceptions and practices in pandemic times; together with their living and working conditions, this may create risks of virus transmission. The degradation in their employment status, interruptions in donations and increase in expenditures resulted in decreases in living standards. The outbreak, negatively influencing their use of public services and some parts of social life created new inequalities and stressors but empowered their social support system and virtual networking capacities.
Citation - WoS: 32
Citation - Scopus: 37
Development and Testing of Indoor Soundscape Questionnaire for Evaluating Contextual Experience in Public Spaces
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2017) Dokmeci Yorukoglu, Papatya Nur; Kang, Jian
An Indoor Soundscape Questionnaire aiming at the evaluation of indoor public sound environments was designed, statistically tested and presented. It was established through initial pilot studies and three main factors under contextual experience variable are established as (1) psychological factors, (2) space usage factors and (3) demographical factors. In addition to the questions on demographical and space usage factors, detailed questions on psychological factors are designed and statistically tested for expectation, perception and reaction categories of the psychological factor. The questionnaire was applied as part of a case study in enclosed library foyer environments to a group of 270 participants through non-experimental survey data sampling. The reliability and validity scores of the Indoor Soundscape Questionnaire were statistically tested and confirmed. Furthermore, statistical tests were used to derive relationships between contextual experience variables of psychological, space usage and demographical factors. Chi-square test of goodness-of-fit results showed statistical significances of demographical and space usage factors with the psychological factors.
Citation - WoS: 4
Citation - Scopus: 6
Empirical Investigation of Owner-occupiers' Reinvestments in Housing: the Case of Ankara, Turkey
(Springer, 2014) Ozdemir Sari, Ozgul Burcu
In Turkey, reinvestments in the existing housing stock are entirely dependent on households' decisions in the free market. There are no policies to consider reinvestment processes, and the body of knowledge on households' reinvestment decisions is scant. Understanding how individual reinvestment decisions are determined is vital to devise policy measures to improve the condition of the existing housing stock and neighbourhoods. In this study, an attempt is made to identify the basic motivations and factors underpinning the owner-occupants' performed and planned reinvestments in the apartment flats of Ankara. The results display that consumption considerations, particularly circumstances of necessity and urgency, are the basic motivation for undertaking reinvestment works among the surveyed owner-occupants. Higher household head age, shorter duration of occupancy, higher house value and maintained installations and infrastructure in common parts of the apartment blocks are displayed to increase the probability of having undertaken reinvestment works. Also, perception of the dwelling to be in disrepair and landscaped common outdoor space of the apartment are identified to increase the probability of having reinvestment plans for the future. The analysis suggests that policy measures are required both to trigger reinvestment capacities of households and to monitor the tendencies of reinvestments.
Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 7
Factors Affecting Post-Disaster Location Choices of Businesses: an Analysis of the 1999 Earthquake
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) Orhan, Ezgi
Despite global policies advocating risk reduction and community level recovery, post-disaster implementations usually focus on households, but fail to focus on businesses in spatial terms. Due to the lack of appropriate policy and tools, businesses often make their own location choices as part of their recovery strategy. In view of this, this study aims to establish the factors affecting the location choices of businesses challenged by disasters in the absence of any specific spatial strategies designed for them. In order to determine these factors, empirical research was conducted in Adapazari, Turkey on 232 firms selected as a result of a stratified random sampling procedure. According to the analysis of the results, the most notable impacts on business location choices after a disaster shock are associated with occupancy status, education level, and extent of damage. In line with these findings, the impacts of business location choices are discussed to highlight the role of businesses in spatial decisions.
Citation - WoS: 19
Citation - Scopus: 21
Indoor Soundscape Perception in Residential Spaces: a Cross-Cultural Analysis in Ankara, Turkey
(Sage Publications Ltd, 2020) Mohamed, Mohamed Ali Elghadaffi; Yorukoglu, Papatya Nur Dokmeci
Studies in the literature suggest that factors influencing soundscape perception are based heavily on sound environments and auditory perception. Nevertheless, in studying the soundscape perception of people living in certain acoustic environments, cultural, social and habitual criteria should be taken into consideration. Residential environments are where people spend most of their time. Therefore, understanding the soundscape perception in the residential context is significant for indoor soundscape studies. This research investigates the residential soundscape perception differences of two different culture groups living in Ankara, Turkey. A total of 405 Arab and Turkish residents are included in the study. The questionnaire findings are statistically analysed using one-way analysis of variance and t-test. The results suggest that the sound environment in a house setting is equally important for both culture groups, while the Arab residents showed a higher satisfaction level from their present sound environment in their residences. Furthermore, statistically significant differences have been found based on cultural variances of the two groups regarding the overall soundscape perception, sound source loudness, frequency of occurrence, and sound favourability evaluations.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 2
Investigating the Restorative Potential of Women's Home Environments
(Springer, 2023) Imamoglu, Cagri; Aksel, Elif
Although research on restorative environments suggest that natural settings have therapeutic effects in moderating stress and promoting positive experiences, there is a limited body of literature inquiring about the therapeutic potential of interior environments. The aim of the current study was to understand the restorative potential of home environments regarding theoretical background on restorative environments and architectural dimensions influencing well-being through the experiences of women. We interviewed 11 adult women using the photo-elicitation technique to investigate the perceived restorativeness of their home environments. Thematic analysis of qualitative data indicated that the design attributes of spaces play a significant role in promoting the restoration process. In addition to design attributes, we found family interaction, socialising, and engaging in activities could also be influential. Furthermore, the exploratory nature of the research highlighted the significance of individual meanings and personal factors in shaping the perceived restorativeness of home environments. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed to encourage future research in related fields that explore the relationship between residential settings and well-being.
Citation - WoS: 19
Citation - Scopus: 24
Neighborhood Location and Its Association With Place Attachment and Residential Satisfaction
(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2020) Imamoglu, Cagri; Aksel, Elif
Purpose - This paper aims to investigate the assneiation of neighborhood location with place attachment and residential satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach - First, the authors reviewed the literature on place attachment and residential satisfaction, and then generated a questionnaire based on the scales from the literature. The authors surveyed 135 respondents in two neighborhoods of Ankara, a metropolitan city in Turkey: one in the city center, the other in a suburb. To analyze the data, first, factor analysis. and later, multivariate analysis of variance and correlation tests were conducted. Findings - The results indicated that place attachment and residential satisfaction were positively correlated, in congruence with the related literature; however, neighborhood location appeared to be associated only with residential satisfaction. The theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed with respect to the recent issues on housing. Originality/value - The effects of neighborhood location on place attachment and residential satisfaction (by comparing two different residential areas of the city) have not been adequately examined in earlier studies. The study results provide an understanding of the effectiveness of residential location on improving place attachment and residential satisfaction and contribute to the existing literature Although the study findings may not be generalized to other locations in Turkey, this study contributed to the previous studies on place attachment and residential satisfaction by providing data from Turkish residents, which is less often examined.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 1
Progression of Color Decision Making in Introductory Design Education
(Wiley, 2017) Ural, Sibel Ertez; Akbay, Saadet; Altay, Burcak
Color comprises both subjective and objective aspects within its contextual nature. Research on color design tends to explore this seemingly contradictory concerns from theoretical point of view, as well as architectural and design practice. The aim of this study was to observe subjective, intuitive or heuristic and objective, knowledge-based or analytical attitudes toward color in design education. In the study 84 introductory design students were surveyed progressively to understand their color decision criteria after completion of three 2-dimensional colored exercises, specific in terms of color education. Students' responses to open-ended questions were coded according to the 5 categories, under 2 decision making processes derived from the literature; heuristic approach: preferential and symbolic criteria, and analytic reasoning: formal, thematic, and systematic criteria. A distinction between associative and emotional aspects of symbolic criteria was also revealed by the data analysis. The findings showed a shift from heuristic responses to analytic reasoning, as expected. Additionally, it is also investigated that students not only used heuristic approaches but also analytical components (formal and systematic) of color decision making in varying degrees as well, even before any color subjects covered. Thematic color decisions became a major part of the students' design considerations upon completion of color subjects. The observed increase in the number of color criteria interrelated by the students' among almost all categories explicated a complex decision making process particularly in color design and education. These findings were expected to lead to some further understanding in color decision making in design.
Progression of color decision making in introductory design education
(Wiley, 2017) Ural, Sibel Ertez; Akbay, Saadet; Altay, Burçak
Color comprises both subjective and objective aspects within its contextual nature. Research on color design tends to explore this seemingly contradictory concerns from theoretical point of view, as well as architectural and design practice. The aim of this study was to observe subjective, intuitive or heuristic and objective, knowledge-based or analytical attitudes toward color in design education. In the study 84 introductory design students were surveyed progressively to understand their color decision criteria after completion of three 2-dimensional colored exercises, specific in terms of color education. Students' responses to open-ended questions were coded according to the 5 categories, under 2 decision making processes derived from the literature; heuristic approach: preferential and symbolic criteria, and analytic reasoning: formal, thematic, and systematic criteria. A distinction between associative and emotional aspects of symbolic criteria was also revealed by the data analysis. The findings showed a shift from heuristic responses to analytic reasoning, as expected. Additionally, it is also investigated that students not only used heuristic approaches but also analytical components (formal and systematic) of color decision making in varying degrees as well, even before any color subjects covered. Thematic color decisions became a major part of the students' design considerations upon completion of color subjects. The observed increase in the number of color criteria interrelated by the students' among almost all categories explicated a complex decision making process particularly in color design and education. These findings were expected to lead to some further understanding in color decision making in design.
Citation - WoS: 15
Citation - Scopus: 16
Reflections on the Evidentiary Basis of Indoor Air Quality Standards
(Mdpi, 2022) Mahdavi, Ardeshir; Azar, Elie; Bandurski, Karol; Bourikas, Leonidas; Harputlugil, Timucin; Schweiker, Marcel; Berger, Christiane
Buildings are expected to provide healthy and comfortable indoor environmental conditions for their users. Such conditions have diverse dimensions, including thermal, visual, air quality, auditory, and olfactory aspects. Indoor environmental quality standards, guidelines, and codes typically inform professionals in the building design and operation phase in view of procedural, contractual, and legal boundary conditions. Given this critical role of standards, it seems significant to examine the applicability and scientific validity on a regular basis. In this context, the present paper focuses on the standard-based definition of indoor air quality (IAQ) indicators and their respective values. Hence, the main aim of this effort is to study several common national and international IAQ standards in view of the scope to which they include direct or indirect evidence for the validity and applicability of their mandates and requirements. To this end, selected IAQ standards were assessed via a structured schema that includes not only basic information, quality indicators, and suggested and recommended value ranges, but also any reference to scientific studies. The findings of this effort identify certain issues with the transparency of the chain of evidence from the results of technical literature and standard-based IAQ recommendations. Moreover, recommendations are made for the development of future transparent and evidence-based IAQ standards and guidelines.

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