Mimarlık Fakültesi

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Citation - WoS: 7
Citation - Scopus: 8
The Acoustic Characterization of Worship Ambiance and Speech Intelligibility in Wooden Hypostyle Structures: The Case of the Aslanhane Mosque
(Springer Singapore Pte Ltd, 2021) Kitapci, Kivanc; Celik Basok, Gulsah
The challenge in the acoustics design of the traditional mosque is twofold. First, the interior atmosphere of the space should create a sacred feeling on the users' holistic and phenomenological spatial perception, which is generally recognized as a direct effect of increased reverberation time (T30) and low clarity (C80). Second, speech should be adequately intelligible, which requires a low T30 and high speech clarity, contradicting the initial concern of the sacred atmosphere. We hypothesize that in Islamic architecture, wooden hypostyle mosques may comply better with the reverberation time requirements of speech intelligibility, while maintaining the sacred feeling, due to their comparatively absorptive surface finishing materials and structural elements. The Aslanhane Mosque is a unique sacred structure within its era of construction, well-known with its wooden columns and ceiling. It is an important case for room acoustics analysis of such holy spaces. This study aimed to analyze the room acoustic measurement results of the Aslanhane Mosque, evaluating the intelligibility of speech and interpreting the sacred feeling created by reverberance, envelopment, and spaciousness, which are all crucial in such holy structures. It is revealed that although the Aslanhane Mosque's subjective rating for speech intelligibility is "good," the overall low volume of the mosque and the lack of surface reflections decrease the sacred sensation. Additionally, the intelligibility of speech is vulnerable to obstacles within the line of sight, such as load-bearing columns. Lastly, it was observed that the increase in T30 at low frequencies improved the sacred sensation, envelopment, and spaciousness, without any profound negative impact on the intelligibility of speech.
Citation - WoS: 4
Citation - Scopus: 4
Architect - Structural Engineer Collaboration in Sustainable Structural System Design
(Gazi Univ, 2011) Ozmen, Cengiz; Özmen, Cengiz; Unay, Ali Ihsan; Mimarlık
This paper explores ways of collaboration between architects and structural engineers in the design of sustainable structural systems. Areas of collaboration are explored in terms of seismic design of new structures and rehabilitation of existing structures. Multidisciplinary design teams and an integrated design approach are critical to the process of sustainable building construction. The required group-work skills should be acquired by architects and engineers during their professional education. As a result, this paper also investigates ways in which the structural design education of architects and structural engineers can be redesigned to make their future professional collaboration more harmonious.
Architectural Design - Structural System Conformity Problems Encountered in the Design and Application Processes of Stick Aluminium Curtain Wall Systems in Turkey
(Gazi Univ, Fac Engineering Architecture, 2022) Ozmen, Cengiz; Saban, Muge
Stick aluminium curtain wall (SACW) systems are common curtain wall systems in Turkey. These sytems offer many advantages including architectural variation, modular design, ease of production and assembly. Beside their architectural properties SACW systems create significant load effects on structural systems. These load effects include lateral loads such as seismic and wind loads as well as static vertical loads. This load transfer is not one way. The vertical and lateral displacements of building structures also act on curtain walls. Healthy load transfer between the SACW and the building depends on architectural decisions during the design and construction process. Due to their wide use SACW systems are prone to architectural mistakes. These mistakes often represent themselves at latter stages of the construction and require solutions which will affect the architectural characteristics and structural behavior of buildings. This study focuses on SACW design and construction processes to find the effects of architectural decisions on curtain wall behavior. Case studies that include architectural design mistakes are selected to classify and study the reasons and the solutions of these mistakes. The importance of cooperation between all the stakeholders including the architects and engineers is emphasized for the prevention of these mistakes.
Artificial intelligence applications in earthquake resistant architectural design: Determination of irregular structural systems with deep learning and ImageAI method
(2020) Bingöl, Kaan; Er Akan, Aslı; Ömercioğlu, Hilal Tuğba; Er, Arzu
Although the architectural design process is carried out with the collaboration of experts who are experienced in many different areas from the main preferences to the detailing stage, the major decisions such as plan organization, mass design etc. are taken by the architect. Computer Aided Design (CAD) programs are generally effective after the major decisions of the design are taken. For this reason, it is common for the main decisions, taken during the design process, to be changed during the analysis of the structural system. In order to prevent this, in the early stages of architectural design, earthquake system awareness and structural system design should be included as an design input; as, the failure of the structural system which did not considered well in the architectural design phase leads to unexpected revisions in the implementation project phase and thus leads to serious losses in both time and cost. The aim of this study is to create an Irregularity Control Assistant (IC Assitant) that can provide architects general information about the appropriateness of structural system decisions to earthquake regulations in the early stages of design process by using the deep learning and image processing methods. In this way, correct decisions will be made in the early stages of the design and unexpected revisions that may occur during the implementation project phase will be prevented.
Citation - WoS: 11
Citation - Scopus: 17
Artificial Intelligence Applications in Earthquake Resistant Architectural Design: Determination of Irregular Structural Systems With Deep Learning and Imageai Method
(Gazi Univ, Fac Engineering Architecture, 2020) Bingol, Kaan; Akan, Asli Er; Ormecioglu, Hilal Tugba; Er, Arzu
Although the architectural design process is carried out with the collaboration of experts who are experienced in many different areas from the main preferences to the detailing stage, the major decisions such as plan organization, mass design etc. are taken by the architect. Computer Aided Design (CAD) programs are generally effective after the major decisions of the design are taken. For this reason, it is common for the main decisions, taken during the design process, to be changed during the analysis of the structural system. In order to prevent this, in the early stages of architectural design, earthquake system awareness and structural system design should be included as an design input; as, the failure of the structural system which did not considered well in the architectural design phase leads to unexpected revisions in the implementation project phase and thus leads to serious losses in both time and cost. The aim of this study is to create an Irregularity Control Assistant (IC Assitant) that can provide architects general information about the appropriateness of structural system decisions to earthquake regulations in the early stages of design process by using the deep learning and image processing methods. In this way, correct decisions will be made in the early stages of the design and unexpected revisions that may occur during the implementation project phase will be prevented.
Assessment of the energy savings and CO2 emissions reduction of glass structures through alternative demolition scenarios
(2016) Çelebi, Gülser; Tuna, Merve; Veer, Frederic
Glass is a material that has been significantly increasing its role in architecture in recent decades. Although glass is a material that can survive long, as can be seen from the archaeological pieces in many museums, in practice the glass structures that built nowadays have a finite life time. A notorious case is the original New York Apple Cube, which was removed and replaced within several years of original completion.Whatever the eventual lifetime of the structure, there will be a point where the structure needs to be demolished. This introduces critical questions about the relation between ecological impact and the demolition methods and procedure. This paper looks at the eco-impact of different end of life scenarios of glass structures, using the Haarlem glass cube as a well-documented example to determine the differences between various ends of life scenarios.
Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 6
Audio-Visual Interactions and the Influence of Colour on Noise Annoyance Evaluations
(Springer Singapore Pte Ltd, 2021) Kitapci, Kivanc; Akbay, Saadet
This study aims to examine the influence of colour exposure on noise annoyance. Previous studies in the literature have focused mostly on the effects of colour exposure on loudness judgements; however, due to the cognitive nature of multisensory perception, the influence of colour on noise annoyance also needs to be investigated. Our experiments were designed to administer non-information-carrying sound signals (i.e. white noise) and visual stimuli (i.e. abstract colour samples) and to limit visual and auditory contextual information. Participants were asked to evaluate noise annoyance on an 11-point International Commission on Biological Effects of Noise (ICBEN) scale. The experiments were conducted in the form of audio-visual tests. During these tests, random combinations of three white noise sound samples with sound pressure levels of 66 dB(A) (-4 dB[A] acoustic condition), 70 dB(A) (0 dB[A] acoustic condition) and 74 dB(A) (+4 dB[A] acoustic condition), and six visual stimuli, including the elementary colours of the Natural Colour System (NCS)-yellow (Y), red (R), blue (B), green (G), white (W) and black (S)-were presented to a total of 42 participants. The black colour sample was used to measure the audio-only control condition for the three white noise sound samples. The results of the study reveal that the effects of sound, the effects of colour and the interaction effects of colour and sound on perceived noise annoyance were statistically significant. The effects of colour on the loudness evaluations of the previous studies and the effects of colour on noise annoyance evaluations presented in this study show very similar and concordant results, indicating that the effects of colour on noise annoyance depend on the sound pressure level (SPL). The results indicate that the hue contrasts of red-green, red-blue and yellow-blue and the lightness contrast of yellow-blue influenced perceived noise annoyance when the SPL was low or high. Within the contrast pairs, red and yellow were perceived to be annoying, whereas blue and green were perceived to be non-annoying.
A Comparative Research on Space of Women in Prayer Place Interiors of Celestial Religions: Cases From Istanbul
(Gazi Univ, 2020) Disli, Gulsen; Ozcan, Zuhal
Cross-cultural comparison has been used in architecture mostly to discuss the components of culture, knowledge, and value systems, yet to date there is not a specific comparative study on gendered architecture in prayer places of celestial religions, namely Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Hence, this study aims to reveal how attendance of women in prayer places with different national, historic, religious, and cultural characteristics shaped architectural space organization and to assess potential similarities and differences of women's section in prayer spaces of celestial religions by examining literature survey, archival and historic research, including field observations. In addition to general observations in building scale, some exemplary historic synagogues, churches, and mosques in Istanbul still in use have been chosen as case studies, and their plan typologies, as well as types and locations of women's galleries/sections have been discussed. Cross-cultural comparison parameters were; development of women's section in prayer places as a structured architectural space and basic architectural terminologies used to define women's section. The major conclusion of the study is that originally women had right to worship in prayer spaces without any physical separation in all three religions, yet in time the place of women had a more defined/divided/structured character especially in Islam and Judaism. The study also indicates that while at present day, gendered architecture is still the predominant approach in Islam and in Orthodox Judaism; mix congregation in a single-unsegregated space for both sexes is more common in contemporary society of Christianity.
Citation - WoS: 19
Citation - Scopus: 25
Comparing Turkish and European Noise Management and Soundscape Policies: a Proposal of Indoor Soundscape Integration To Architectural Design and Application
(Mdpi, 2019) Ercakmak, Ugur Beyza; Yorukoglu, Papatya Nur Dokmeci
Improving soundscape studies and policies states that the soundscape approach, which also considers noise interventions, should replace noise management. However, a considerable number of soundscape studies have been concerned with the quality of acoustic environments of open and urban public spaces. This study focuses on indoor soundscaping and its possible integration into the architectural design and application process. Therefore, the present and ongoing Turkish and European soundscape and noise management policies were evaluated in detail and compared in order to characterize the gap regarding the state of indoor soundscaping between the literature and the policy development level. Furthermore, we identified and classified factors and methods which have an influence on indoor soundscaping to be integrated into the final proposed model. As a result of the detailed evaluation regarding policies and indoor soundscaping principles, five stages were proposed that can be used in an integrated indoor soundscape model: (1) the establishment of a topic specific institution or working group on indoor soundscaping; (2) the preparation of a standard that includes definitions, indoor soundscape factors and methods; (3) the preparation of an indoor soundscape directive; (4) the preparation of indoor soundscape guidelines; and (5) the provision of maintenance and supervision by experts and authorities.
Citation - WoS: 5
Citation - Scopus: 8
A Comparison of the Cognitive Actions of Designers in Geometry-Based and Parametric Design Environments
(Open House int, 2020) Pektas, Sule Tasli; Tunger, Cetin
Purpose - This paper aims to compare designers' cognitive behaviors in geometry-based modeling environments (GMEs) and parametric design environments (PDEs). Design/methodology/approach - This study used Rhinoceros as the geometric and Grasshopper as the parametric design tool in an experimental setting. Designers' cognitive behaviors were investigated by using the retrospective protocol analysis method with a content-oriented approach. Findings - The results indicated that the participants performed more cognitive actions per minute in the PDE because of the extra algorithmic space that such environments include. On the other hand, the students viewed their designs more and focused more on product user relation in the geometric modeling environment. While the students followed a top-down process and produced less number of topologically different design alternatives with the parametric design tool, they had more goal setting activities and higher number of alternative designs in the geometric modeling environment. Originality/value - This study indicates that cognitive behaviors of designers in GMEs and PDF-s differ significantly and these differences entail further attention from researchers and educators.
Citation - WoS: 3
Citation - Scopus: 3
Construing Colours Using Repertory Grid Technique: an Idiographic Approach in Colour Perception
(Wiley, 2022) Akbay, Saadet; Borekci, Naz A. G. Z.
This article offers an alternative methodological approach to the exploration of subjective experiences by studying individuals' personal views of perceived colours. The study aims to investigate the construals of individuals related to perceived colours using an idiographic approach. The subjective approach proposed is based on the theory of personal construct psychology and the methodology of the repertory grid technique. A repertory grid experiment was conducted to determine individuals' ways of construing colours and examine the collective understanding of the content and structure of individuals' construals concerning perceived colours. Sixty undergraduate students participated in the experiment, yielding 60 different repertory grids that included a number of personal constructs indicating the construal process of participants in differentiating between 11 basic colours. Participants produced their own semantic bipolar dimensions for comparing the perceived colours and creating differential ratings according to their personal constructs. The elicited data were evaluated using qualitative content analysis to understand the differences between individual systems of constructs and investigate the commonality of shared constructs relating to colours. The data were also analyzed quantitatively to investigate the common structure of and interrelationship between elicited constructs and perceived colours. The outcomes have the potential to contribute to academic and practical knowledge concerning colour perception, as well as encouraging further studies with an idiographic approach.
Citation - Scopus: 1
Disaster Management of Hotels: Empirical Results From the Lodging Industry
(Routledge, 2022) Orhan, E.
Among other business types, hotels serving as temporary accommodation for visitors with solid ties to local conditions present unique hazard-prone characteristics, and show vulnerabilities based on their location. Departing from the significance of the topic for the Turkish case, this paper focuses on the risk perception and responsiveness of the lodging industry. In doing so, an empirical study was carried out in Ankara city. Data from 75 hotels were gathered via a questionnaire designed to identify their locational attributes and operationalized by multiple logistic regression analysis. Although hotels in the sample accepted that safety is a significant issue for both the continuity of their operationality and guests, hotels were reluctant in developing systematic and effective tools for disaster management. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Citation - WoS: 1
Effects of Sound Absorption Materials on Reverberation Time According To Their Positions in the Square Plan and High Ceiling Rooms
(Gazi Univ, Fac Engineering Architecture, 2021) Kurtay, Cuneyt; Harputlugil, Gulsu Ulukavak; Yaman, Muammer
In rooms with speech action, subjective and objective room acoustics parameters should be considered in the creation of acoustic performance. In this study, an evaluation has been made over the reverberation time for the speech action of the existing Iraq-Najaf Islamic University Alawiya Conference Hall. Within the scope of the study, the control of the reverberation time affecting the subjective and objective room acoustics parameters has been examined, the relationship between the reverberation time and the surface absorptions of the room have been examined. Reverberation time on existing situation was determined by making in situ measurements. In order to control the reverberation time of the existing hall, the materials selected according to the sound absorption coefficients have been positioned differently and alternative models have been developed. The reverberation times of the alternative models were determined using the ECOTECT v.5.20 computer simulation program used for acoustic analysis, and their geometric acoustics analysis was performed using the ray tracing method. By comparing the models, the surface absorptions have been analyzed to obtain the appropriate reverberation time in room for speech action. As a result of the study, the effects of the use of walls, ceiling and floor finishing materials and surface absorptions on the reverberation time have been evaluated within the scope of improvement for speech action in the halls with square plan, flat floor and high ceiling (min 6 m).
Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 7
Factors Affecting Post-Disaster Location Choices of Businesses: an Analysis of the 1999 Earthquake
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2017) Orhan, Ezgi
Despite global policies advocating risk reduction and community level recovery, post-disaster implementations usually focus on households, but fail to focus on businesses in spatial terms. Due to the lack of appropriate policy and tools, businesses often make their own location choices as part of their recovery strategy. In view of this, this study aims to establish the factors affecting the location choices of businesses challenged by disasters in the absence of any specific spatial strategies designed for them. In order to determine these factors, empirical research was conducted in Adapazari, Turkey on 232 firms selected as a result of a stratified random sampling procedure. According to the analysis of the results, the most notable impacts on business location choices after a disaster shock are associated with occupancy status, education level, and extent of damage. In line with these findings, the impacts of business location choices are discussed to highlight the role of businesses in spatial decisions.
Citation - WoS: 19
Citation - Scopus: 24
Neighborhood Location and Its Association With Place Attachment and Residential Satisfaction
(Emerald Group Publishing Ltd, 2020) Imamoglu, Cagri; Aksel, Elif
Purpose - This paper aims to investigate the assneiation of neighborhood location with place attachment and residential satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach - First, the authors reviewed the literature on place attachment and residential satisfaction, and then generated a questionnaire based on the scales from the literature. The authors surveyed 135 respondents in two neighborhoods of Ankara, a metropolitan city in Turkey: one in the city center, the other in a suburb. To analyze the data, first, factor analysis. and later, multivariate analysis of variance and correlation tests were conducted. Findings - The results indicated that place attachment and residential satisfaction were positively correlated, in congruence with the related literature; however, neighborhood location appeared to be associated only with residential satisfaction. The theoretical and practical implications of the results are discussed with respect to the recent issues on housing. Originality/value - The effects of neighborhood location on place attachment and residential satisfaction (by comparing two different residential areas of the city) have not been adequately examined in earlier studies. The study results provide an understanding of the effectiveness of residential location on improving place attachment and residential satisfaction and contribute to the existing literature Although the study findings may not be generalized to other locations in Turkey, this study contributed to the previous studies on place attachment and residential satisfaction by providing data from Turkish residents, which is less often examined.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 1
Progression of Color Decision Making in Introductory Design Education
(Wiley, 2017) Ural, Sibel Ertez; Akbay, Saadet; Altay, Burcak
Color comprises both subjective and objective aspects within its contextual nature. Research on color design tends to explore this seemingly contradictory concerns from theoretical point of view, as well as architectural and design practice. The aim of this study was to observe subjective, intuitive or heuristic and objective, knowledge-based or analytical attitudes toward color in design education. In the study 84 introductory design students were surveyed progressively to understand their color decision criteria after completion of three 2-dimensional colored exercises, specific in terms of color education. Students' responses to open-ended questions were coded according to the 5 categories, under 2 decision making processes derived from the literature; heuristic approach: preferential and symbolic criteria, and analytic reasoning: formal, thematic, and systematic criteria. A distinction between associative and emotional aspects of symbolic criteria was also revealed by the data analysis. The findings showed a shift from heuristic responses to analytic reasoning, as expected. Additionally, it is also investigated that students not only used heuristic approaches but also analytical components (formal and systematic) of color decision making in varying degrees as well, even before any color subjects covered. Thematic color decisions became a major part of the students' design considerations upon completion of color subjects. The observed increase in the number of color criteria interrelated by the students' among almost all categories explicated a complex decision making process particularly in color design and education. These findings were expected to lead to some further understanding in color decision making in design.
Progression of color decision making in introductory design education
(Wiley, 2017) Ural, Sibel Ertez; Akbay, Saadet; Altay, Burçak
Color comprises both subjective and objective aspects within its contextual nature. Research on color design tends to explore this seemingly contradictory concerns from theoretical point of view, as well as architectural and design practice. The aim of this study was to observe subjective, intuitive or heuristic and objective, knowledge-based or analytical attitudes toward color in design education. In the study 84 introductory design students were surveyed progressively to understand their color decision criteria after completion of three 2-dimensional colored exercises, specific in terms of color education. Students' responses to open-ended questions were coded according to the 5 categories, under 2 decision making processes derived from the literature; heuristic approach: preferential and symbolic criteria, and analytic reasoning: formal, thematic, and systematic criteria. A distinction between associative and emotional aspects of symbolic criteria was also revealed by the data analysis. The findings showed a shift from heuristic responses to analytic reasoning, as expected. Additionally, it is also investigated that students not only used heuristic approaches but also analytical components (formal and systematic) of color decision making in varying degrees as well, even before any color subjects covered. Thematic color decisions became a major part of the students' design considerations upon completion of color subjects. The observed increase in the number of color criteria interrelated by the students' among almost all categories explicated a complex decision making process particularly in color design and education. These findings were expected to lead to some further understanding in color decision making in design.
Citation - WoS: 15
Citation - Scopus: 16
Reflections on the Evidentiary Basis of Indoor Air Quality Standards
(Mdpi, 2022) Mahdavi, Ardeshir; Azar, Elie; Bandurski, Karol; Bourikas, Leonidas; Harputlugil, Timucin; Schweiker, Marcel; Berger, Christiane
Buildings are expected to provide healthy and comfortable indoor environmental conditions for their users. Such conditions have diverse dimensions, including thermal, visual, air quality, auditory, and olfactory aspects. Indoor environmental quality standards, guidelines, and codes typically inform professionals in the building design and operation phase in view of procedural, contractual, and legal boundary conditions. Given this critical role of standards, it seems significant to examine the applicability and scientific validity on a regular basis. In this context, the present paper focuses on the standard-based definition of indoor air quality (IAQ) indicators and their respective values. Hence, the main aim of this effort is to study several common national and international IAQ standards in view of the scope to which they include direct or indirect evidence for the validity and applicability of their mandates and requirements. To this end, selected IAQ standards were assessed via a structured schema that includes not only basic information, quality indicators, and suggested and recommended value ranges, but also any reference to scientific studies. The findings of this effort identify certain issues with the transparency of the chain of evidence from the results of technical literature and standard-based IAQ recommendations. Moreover, recommendations are made for the development of future transparent and evidence-based IAQ standards and guidelines.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 2
Relationship Between Context-free/In-context Spatial Color Preferences and Color Constructs: the Extraversion Personality Trait Dimension
(Wiley, 2023) Demirbas, Guler Ufuk; Akbay, Saadet
Personality traits are considered the primary determinants of emotional and behavioral patterns of individuals within the built environment, influencing the experience of architectural space over their cognitive representation. Specifically, the dimension of extraversion within an individual's personality holds considerable predictive value in determining their attitudes toward the environment. Consequently, this study aims to investigate the influence of personality traits on color preference by comparing preferences for context-free color samples and in-context spatial colors among individuals exhibiting varying levels of extraversion. It also aims to ascertain the most accurate color-construct scale for delineating individuals' preferences for in-context spatial color. The study employed the International Personality Item Pool (IPIP) representation of lexical factor markers for the Big-Five structure. For the study, 11 colors, referred to as basic color terms, were selected as stimuli. Data on color preference were obtained through a rank order test for 11 context-free color samples and 11 virtual images of in-context spatial colors, as well as ratings of in-context spatial colors based on 14 color-construct scales. Findings reveal the relationship between extraversion personality trait and color preferences, revealing distinct patterns between context-free and in-context color preferences. They also suggest the possibility of divergent preferences for in-context spatial colors among individuals with varying levels of extraversion, with certain colors eliciting significantly different ratings on color-construct scales. The study's findings shed light on the importance of personality traits in predicting the relationship between architectural spaces and colors, depending on individuals' personalities, particularly within design disciplines such as interior architecture.
A Research on Comparison of Elevator Traffic Analysis Methods in Educational Buildings
(Gazi Univ, Fac Engineering Architecture, 2023) Harputlugil, Timucin; Deligoez, Dostcan
Purpose: Regarding elevator design in educational buildings; It is aimed to investigate the legal framework, to integrate dynamic simulation programs to design process, to compare traditional and dynamic simulation methods, to evaluate the adequacy of elevator features specified in the legislation and to determine the optimum scenarios according to the minimum requirements.Theory and Methods: Based on the findings of the literature review, which examines the issue of elevator traffic analysis together with the legislation and regulations, the carrying capacities of the elevators in the educational buildings designed by the Ministry of National Education (MNE) are tested. The stability of the system is tested by analyzing the conditions where only the disabled, disabled and building workers can be used together and all building users can use the elevators with the dynamic simulation method (with Elevate Software). The limits of the system are determined based on the waiting times during the peak usage periods. The findings of the study are evaluated according to the waiting times determined by CIBSE Guide D and the Chamber of Mechanical Engineers followed by the discussion of the outcomes.Results: The issue of elevator design has been overlooked in educational buildings, and a comprehensive elevator traffic analysis method has not been defined. For the effective use of all occupants, elevator design should be handled comprehensively with considering potentials of dynamic simulation method.Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, it is noted that the number and capacity of elevators in the legislation for educational buildings are determined only for minimum conditions and for disabled users. In addition, the legislation (considering calculation methodology) is not specific for educational buildings but related with buildings in general with public use. Considering the occupants, and their profiles of the educational buildings, a more comprehensive traffic analysis with the dynamic simulation method may enable the elevators to be designed and to be used more efficiently.

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