Elektrik Elektronik Mühendisliği Bölümü Yayın Koleksiyonu

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12416/411

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Citation - WoS: 7
Citation - Scopus: 7
Entangled Microwave Photons Generation Using Cryogenic Low Noise Amplifier (Transistor Nonlinearity Effects)
(Iop Publishing Ltd, 2022) Salmanogli, Ahmad
This article mainly focuses on important quantum phenomenon called entanglement arising the nonlinearity property. This study uses a unique approach in which transistor nonlinearity effect (third-order nonlinearity) entangled microwave photons are created in a cryogenic low-noise amplifier (LNA). For entanglement analysis, the Hamiltonian of the designed cryogenic LNA (containing two coupled oscillators) is derived, and then, using the dynamic equation of motion, the oscillator's number of photons and the phase-sensitive cross-correlation factor are calculated in the Fourier domain to calculate the entanglement metric. The oscillators are coupled to each other through the gate-drain capacitor, and nonlinear transconductance is as an important factor strongly manipulating the entanglement. As a main conclusion, the study shows that the designed circuit using transistor third-order nonlinearity has the ability to generate the entangled microwave photons at very low intrinsic transconductance and more importantly when the noise figure (NF) is strongly minimized. As a complementary task, the printed circuit board of the cryogenic LNA is designed and simulated to verify the ability of the circuit to achieve an ultralow NF, by which the probability of the generation of entangled microwave photons is increased.
Citation - WoS: 4
Citation - Scopus: 5
Accurate Method To Calculate Noise Figure in a Low Noise Amplifier: Quantum Theory Analysis
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2022) Salmanogli, Ahmad; Gecim, H. Selcuk
In this study, a low-noise amplifier is quantum-mechanically analyzed to study the behavior of the noise figure. The analysis view has been changed from classic to quantum, because using quantum theory produces some degrees of freedom, which may be ignored when a circuit is analyzed using classical theory. For this purpose, the Lagrangian is initially derived by considering the related nonlinearity of the transistor, and then using the Legendre transformation and canonical quantization procedure, the quantum Hamiltonian is derived. As an interesting point of this study, the low-noise amplifier is deliberately considered as two oscillators connecting to each other to share the photonic modes between them; accordingly, the voltage and current as measurable observations and the noise figure as a critical quantity in a low-noise amplifier are theoretically expressed in terms of the oscillator's mean photon number. The main goal of this work is to study quantities such as the noise figure in a sufficient detail using quantum theory. In addition, as an advantage of this theory, one can control and manipulate the noise figure only by manipulation of the oscillator's mean photon number and coupling it between two oscillators. Finally, the circuit is classically designed and simulated to verify the derived results using quantum theory. The comparison results show that there is a partial consistency between the two approaches; as the frequency increases, the noise figure becomes minimized at a particular frequency.
Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 8
Squeezed State Generation Using Cryogenic Inp Hemt Nonlinearity
(Iop Publishing Ltd, 2023) Salmanogli, Ahmad
This study focuses on generating and manipulating squeezed states with two external oscillators coupled by an InP HEMT operating at cryogenic temperatures. First, the small-signal nonlinear model of the transistor at high frequency at 5 K is analyzed using quantum theory, and the related Lagrangian is theoretically derived. Subsequently, the total quantum Hamiltonian of the system is derived using Legendre transformation. The Hamiltonian of the system includes linear and nonlinear terms by which the effects on the time evolution of the states are studied. The main result shows that the squeezed state can be generated owing to the transistor's nonlinearity; more importantly, it can be manipulated by some specific terms introduced in the nonlinear Hamiltonian. In fact, the nonlinearity of the transistors induces some effects, such as capacitance, inductance, and second-order transconductance, by which the properties of the external oscillators are changed. These changes may lead to squeezing or manipulating the parameters related to squeezing in the oscillators. In addition, it is theoretically derived that the circuit can generate two-mode squeezing. Finally, second-order correlation (photon counting statistics) is studied, and the results demonstrate that the designed circuit exhibits antibunching, where the quadrature operator shows squeezing behavior.
Quantum Dot Transition Rate Modifying by Coupling To Lattice Plasmon
(Springer, 2023) Salmanogli, Ahmad; Gecim, H. Selcuk; Hatem, Sude
In this study, a plasmonic system coupled to a quantum dot is defined to generate the entanglement between two non-simultaneous emitted output modes. The quantum dot with three energy levels creates two different transition rates by which non-simultaneous photons are emitted. Thus, it seems that the entanglement between two emitted modes is forbidden. However, the simulation results show the entanglement between the output modes. It is because the original transition rates of the quantum dot are modified due to the lattice plasmon coupling effect. It means that the effective transition rate affected by the lattice plasmon plays a key role. The lattice plasmon coupling to quantum dot at some locations leads to a simultaneous transition by which the entanglement between output modes is established. The entangled output modes refer to the entangled photons with a specific frequency (e.g., the emission frequency). This unique behavior is theoretically discussed and the results show that using the lattice plasmon can change the transition rates by which the two emitted modes become entangled.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 2
Entangled State Engineering in the 4-Coupled Qubits System
(Elsevier, 2023) Salmanogli, Ahmad
This article studies the behavior of the avoided level crossing in the 4-coupled qubit to each other and mainly focuses on how to engineer it. This phenomenon occurs due to the two transitions out of the ground state in a two-coupled qubit, contributing to the entangled states. This essential and unique behavior can be engineered in a quantum circuit. For this reason, a quantum circuit containing 4 qubits is designed, and its quantum Hamiltonian and dynamic equation of the motion are theoretically derived. Analysis of the entanglement between each coupled qubit using the entanglement metric reveals that the strength of the qubit-qubit coupling factor and the qubit's non-linearity play an essential role in engineering the photonic mode entanglement. The results show that the avoided level crossing appears in the photonic mode entanglement. In other words, two or more transitions from the ground state to the multiple excited states for each bias current. However, the interesting point is that the avoided level crossing just occurs for the qubits connected capacitively to the driven field (the first qubit in this work), not for all.& COPY; 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 1
Citation - Scopus: 1
Enhancing Quantum Correlation at Zero-If Band by Confining the Thermally Excited Photons: Inp Hemt Circuitry Effect
(Springer, 2023) Salmanogli, Ahmad
The microwave quantum correlation as a crucial issue in quantum technology is analyzed and studied. An open quantum system operating at 4.2 K is designed in which InP HEMT as the nonlinear component couples two external oscillators. The quantum theory is applied to analyze the system completely. The Lindblad Master equation is used to analyze the time evolution of the expanded closed system that covers the environmental effects. In the following, the state of the system defined is determined in terms of the ensemble average state using the density matrix; then, the ensemble average of the different operators is calculated. Accordingly, the covariance matrix of the quantum system is derived, and the quantum discord as a key quantity to determine the quantum correlation is calculated. As an interesting point, the results show that InP HEMT mixes two coupling oscillator modes so that the quantum correlation is created at different frequency productions, especially the zero-IF band. Nonetheless, the main point is that one can strongly manipulate the quantum correlation in the zero-IF using circuitry engineering. It is established by increasing the operational frequencies in the quantum system leading to dramatically limiting the thermal noise since the zero-IF band remains unchanged.
Citation - WoS: 17
Citation - Scopus: 17
Entanglement Sustainability Improvement Using Optoelectronic Converter in Quantum Radar (Interferometric Object-Sensing)
(Ieee-inst Electrical Electronics Engineers inc, 2021) Salmanogli, Ahmad; Gokcen, Dincer
In this study, the main focus is laid on the design of an optoelectronic converter as a part of the quantum radar to enhance the entanglement between retained and returned modes at high temperatures. The electro-opto-mechanical converter has been widely studied, and the results showed that the operation at high temperature is so crucial to generate and preserve the entanglement between modes. The main problem arises because the mechanical part operating at a low frequency leads to a large number of thermally excited photons, and eventually, the entanglement between modes becomes lost. To solve the problem, we replace the mechanical part with the optoelectronic components. The optical cavity is coupled to the microwave cavity in the newly designed system through a Varactor diode excited by a photodetector. As the main goal, to improve the entanglement sustainability, the effect of the coupling factor of the microwave cavity to photodetector is investigated. The results show that the mentioned factor creates some degrees of freedom to enhance the entanglement at high temperatures compared to the electro-opto-mechanical converter. At some specific values of the coupling factor, the retained and returned fields remained completely entangled up to 5.5 K and partially entangled around 50 K.
Citation - WoS: 8
Citation - Scopus: 8
Design of Quantum Sensor To Duplicate European Robins Navigational System
(Elsevier Science Sa, 2021) Salmanogli, Ahmad; Gokcen, Dincer
In this article, we design a quantum device to duplicate the European Robins procedure to precisely deter-mine the migratory route. In the mentioned procedure, the important issue is the geomagnetic field effect on the magnetic momentum of the created radical pairs (triplet-singlet states) dancing with a special fre-quency. To duplicate the procedure, a quantum sensor consisting of two coincident tripartite systems is designed. Each tripartite system is independently excited with the entangled photons (signal and idler). The interesting point is that by manipulation of the system in the right condition, the microwave cavities modes separately affected by the entangled photons can be entangled. The entangled microwave photons play the same role as the triplet-singlet states present in the bird's navigational system. The key point in the design of the quantum sensor is that the entanglement between microwave photons can be strongly affected by the external magnetic field. In fact, this is the criterion employed by the quantum sensor to sense the magnetic field intensity and the direction. To analyze the system, the canonical quantization (or microscopic) method is used to determine the sensor's Hamiltonian, and also the system dynamics equations of motions are analytically derived using Heisenberg-Langevin equations. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Citation - WoS: 8
Citation - Scopus: 8
Analysis of Quantum Radar Cross-Section by Canonical Quantization Method (Full Quantum Theory)
(Ieee-inst Electrical Electronics Engineers inc, 2020) Salmanogli, Ahmad; Gokcen, Dincer
This article investigates the difference between two quantum-based theories to calculate the radar cross-section (RCS). Quantum radar cross-section (QRCS) has been commonly analyzed using the dipole approximation method, and the related results show that it can improve the sidelobe of the interference pattern in contrast to the classical methods. This study, on the other hand, utilizes the canonical quantization (or microscopic) method, which is a more comprehensive theory than the dipole approximation method to calculate the radar cross-section. It is shown that there are some similarities between two methods; nonetheless, there are some crucial quantities and factors that have been ignored in the dipole approximation methods. The main difference arises due to the interaction Hamiltonian that two methods relied on. The theoretical calculation shows some critical points suggesting that the dipole approximation method cannot cover all aspects of the radar cross-section calculation. To verify the mentioned point, we establish a new method in which the radar cross-section is calculated by merging the quantum approach with the method of moment (MoM), called quantum-method of moment (QMoM). The simulation results show that the newly established method is in harmony with the canonical quantization method.
Citation - WoS: 6
Citation - Scopus: 7
Optical and Microcavity Modes Entanglement by Means of Plasmonic Opto-Mechanical System
(Ieee-inst Electrical Electronics Engineers inc, 2020) Salmanogli, Ahmad; Gecim, H. Selcuk
In this study, plasmonic opto-mechanical tripartite system is proposed to improve the performance of the traditional tripartite opto-mechanical system. In the new design, significantly, optical cavity and microwave cavity modes are directly coupled to each other. The originality of this work consists in embedding a microsphere in the optical cavity where the plasmon-plasmon interaction between the metal plates generates a plasmon mode inside the optical cavity and changes the electric field distribution. The plasmonic property influences the microsphere electrical properties and interacts with the photonic mode inside the optical cavity by which the microwave cavity properties are also affected through coupling to the optical cavity. Microsphere introduces a capacitor as a function of plasmonic properties that can strongly influence the microwave cavity resonance frequency. That is the feature that we want to utilize to enhance the performance of the system at high temperature. The results show that the optical cavity and microwave cavity modes remain entangled at high temperature. It is contributed to the plasmonic-based capacitor induced by the microsphere which is not affected by the thermally induced photons (noise). It is worth mentioning that the induced noise strongly restricts the traditional tripartite system operated with a wide bandwidth.

Elektrik Elektronik Mühendisliği Bölümü Yayın Koleksiyonu

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