Elektronik ve Haberleşme Mühendisliği Bölümü Yayın Koleksiyonu
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12416/260
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Article Citation - WoS: 27Citation - Scopus: 28Beam Wander of J 0- and I 0-Bessel Gaussian Beams Propagating in Turbulent Atmosphere(Springer, 2010) Eyyuboglu, H. T.; Baykal, Y.; Korotkova, O.; Cai, Y.; Cil, C. Z.Root mean square (rms) beam wander of J (0)-Bessel Gaussian and I (0)-Bessel Gaussian beams, normalized by the rms beam wander of the fundamental Gaussian beam, is evaluated in atmospheric turbulence. Our formulation is based on the first and the second statistical moments obtained from the Rytov series. It is found that after propagating in atmospheric turbulence, the collimated J (0)-Bessel Gaussian and the I (0)-Bessel Gaussian beams have smaller rms beam wander than that of the Gaussian beam, regardless of the choice of Bessel width parameter. However, the extent of such an advantage depends on the chosen width parameter, Gaussian source size, propagation distance and the wavelength. Focusing at finite distances of the considered beams causes the rms beam wander to decrease sharply at the propagation distances equal to the focusing parameter.Article Citation - WoS: 60Citation - Scopus: 65Degree of Polarization for Partially Coherent General Beams in Turbulent Atmosphere(Springer, 2007) Eyyuboglu, H. T.; Baykal, Y.; Cai, Y.The degree of polarization is found for optical excitations of cosh-Gaussian, cos-Gaussian and annular-Gaussian beams in a turbulent atmosphere. The related formulation is based on the beam coherence polarization matrix. The self and mutual coherence functions appearing in the beam coherence polarization matrix are evaluated, when the above mentioned excitations exhibit partial source coherence for self and cross fields. Plots showing the variation of the degree of polarization are provided versus the propagation length when the source size, displacement parameter, structure constant and the degree of source coherence for self and cross fields change.Article Citation - WoS: 31Citation - Scopus: 36Beam Wander of Dark Hollow, Flat-Topped and Annular Beams(Springer Heidelberg, 2008) Cil, C. Z.; Eyyuboglu, H. T.Benefiting from the earlier derivations for the Gaussian beam, we formulate beam wander for dark hollow (DH) and flat-topped (FT) beams, also covering the annular Gaussian (AG) beam as a special case. Via graphical illustrations, beam wander variations of these beams are analyzed and compared among themselves and to the fundamental Gaussian beam against changes in propagation length, amplitude factor, source size, wavelength of operation, inner and outer scales of turbulence. These comparisons show that in relation to the fundamental Gaussian beam, DH and FT beams will exhibit less beam wander, particularly at small primary beam source sizes, lower amplitude factors of the secondary beam and higher beam orders. Furthermore, DH and FT beams will continue to preserve this advantageous position all throughout the considered range of wavelengths, inner and outer scales of turbulence. FT beams, in particular, are observed to have the smallest beam wander values among all, up to certain source sizes.Article Citation - WoS: 29Citation - Scopus: 44Miniaturised Microstrip Bandpass Filters Based on Moore Fractal Geometry(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Mezaal, Y. S.; Ali, J. K.; Eyyuboglu, H. T.This paper presents new microstrip bandpass filter design topologies that consist of dual edge-coupled resonators constructed in the form of Moore fractal geometries of second and third iteration levels. The space-filling property for proposed fractal filters has found to produce reduced size shapes in accordance with sequential iteration levels. These filters have been prepared for ISM band applications at a centre frequency of 2.4GHz using a substrate with a dielectric coefficient of 10.8, dielectric thickness of 1.27mm and metallisation thickness of 35 mu m. The output responses of each fractal bandpass filter have been determined by a full-wave-based electromagnetic simulator Sonnet software package. Simulated and experimental results are approximately compatible with each other. These responses clarify that these fractal filters have good transmission and return loss characteristics with blocked higher harmonics in out-of-band regions.Article Citation - WoS: 10Citation - Scopus: 12Scintillation Behavior of Cos, Cosh and Annular Gaussian Beams in Non-Kolmogorov Turbulence(Springer Heidelberg, 2012) Eyyuboglu, H. T.For a non-Kolmogorov spectrum, scintillation aspects of cos, cosh and annular Gaussian beams are investigated. The appropriate mathematical formulation is developed, the derived scintillation index is evaluated and its variation is plotted in graphs. We find that, when the values of the power coefficient of the spectrum are just above 3, low scintillation is encountered, then as the power coefficient is increased, rises will occur with a peak being reached around 3.21. From there onwards, scintillation will drop, as the power coefficient approaches a value of 5. For extreme off-axis positions, there will be slight increases in scintillation at high power coefficient values. At points near on-axis and when the beams have small width sizes, cosh Gaussian beam having a bigger displacement parameter will offer the lowest scintillation. At large width sizes, this advantage will switch to the side of the cos Gaussian beam. In this study, the variation of scintillation with other sources and propagation parameters is examined as well.Article Citation - WoS: 20Citation - Scopus: 21Scintillation Behavior of Laguerre Gaussian Beams in Strong Turbulence(Springer, 2011) Eyyuboglu, H. T.; Baykal, Y.; Falits, A.In strong atmospheric turbulence, the asymptotic on-axis scintillation behaviors of Laguerre Gaussian (LG) beams are examined. To arrive at the strong-turbulence solution, we utilize the existing filtering approach for weak-turbulence solutions and our recently reported weak-turbulence scintillation index formula for LG beams. In the limiting case, our solution correctly predicts the asymptotic strong-turbulence behavior of Gaussian beam wave scintillation. Investigation of the scintillations versus the propagation distance, source size, wavelength and refractive index structure parameter lead to the conclusion that the LG beams with higher order radial modes can provide less scintillation. The results are applicable to long-haul atmospheric optical communication links.Article Citation - WoS: 29Citation - Scopus: 32Intensity Fluctuations of Partially Coherent Laser Beam Arrays in Weak Atmospheric Turbulence(Springer, 2011) Arpali, C.; Arpali, S. A.; Baykal, Y.; Eyyuboglu, H. T.The intensity fluctuation of a partially coherent laser beam array is examined. For this purpose, the on-axis scintillation index at the receiver plane is analytically formulated via the extended Huygens-Fresnel diffraction integral in conditions of weak atmospheric turbulence. The effects of the propagation length, number of beamlets, radial distance, source size, wavelength of operation and coherence level on the scintillation index are investigated for a horizontal propagation path. It is found that, regardless of the number of beamlets, the scintillation index always rises with an increasing propagation length. If laser beam arrays become less coherent, the scintillation index begins to fall with growing source sizes. Given the same level of partial coherence, slightly less scintillations will occur when the radial distance of the beamlets from the origin is increased. At partial coherence levels, lower scintillations are observed for larger numbers of beamlets. Both for fully and partially coherent laser beam arrays, scintillations will drop on increasing wavelengths.Article Citation - WoS: 18Citation - Scopus: 22Partially Coherent Lorentz Gaussian Beam and Its Scintillations(Springer, 2011) Eyyuboglu, H. T.We study the scintillation aspects of partially coherent Lorentz Gaussian (LG) beams via numerically integrating the average and average squared intensity expressions. Within the examined range of input and propagation medium parameters, the LG beams are generally found to offer less and less scintillations against the pure Gaussian beam, particularly when the Lorentzian feature of the beam is emphasized more. This lower scintillation property is exhibited for collimated coherent beams with different Lorentz widths and at on-axis and off-axis positions of the receiver plane. When focusing is introduced, at shorter propagation distances the ordering of the beams remains as described above, but at longer propagations distances a complete reversing of the beam order is observed. Raising the turbulence levels by increasing the structure constant inevitably causes rises in scintillations, while preserving the advantage of LG beams over the pure Gaussian beam. Partial coherence reduces scintillations as expected, at the same time nearly eliminating the scintillation differences between the beam types.Article Citation - WoS: 13Citation - Scopus: 18Partially Coherent Elegant Hermite-Gaussian Beam in Turbulent Atmosphere(Springer, 2011) Cai, Y.; Eyyuboglu, H. T.; Baykal, Y.; Wang, F.Based on the extended Huygens-Fresnel integral, analytical formulas for the cross-spectral density, mean-squared beam width and angular spread of a partially coherent elegant Hermite-Gaussian (HG) beam in turbulent atmosphere are derived. The evolution properties of the average intensity, spreading and directionality of a partially coherent elegant HG beam in turbulent atmosphere are studied numerically. It is found that the partially coherent elegant HG beam with smaller initial coherence width, larger beam order and longer wavelength is less affected by the atmospheric turbulence. Compared to the partially coherent standard HG beam, the partially coherent elegant HG beam is less affected by turbulence under the same condition. Furthermore, it is found that there exist equivalent partially coherent standard and elegant HG beams, equivalent fully coherent standard and elegant HG beams, and an equivalent Gaussian-Schell-model beam may have the same directionality as a fully coherent Gaussian beam whether in free space or in turbulent atmosphere. Our results can be utilized in short and long atmospheric optical communication systems.Article Citation - WoS: 33Citation - Scopus: 39Turbulence Distance of Radial Gaussian Schell-Model Array Beams(Springer Heidelberg, 2010) Li, X.; Ji, X.; Eyyuboglu, H. T.; Baykal, Y.The effect of turbulence on the spreading of radial Gaussian Schell-model (GSM) array beams is studied quantitatively by examining the mean-squared beam width. The analytical expression for the turbulence distance z (T) of radial GSM array beams is derived by using the integral transform technique, which indicates within what ranges radial GSM array beams will be less affected by turbulence. It is shown that the effect of turbulence on the spreading of radial GSM array beams can be reduced by choosing the suitable array beam parameters and the type of the beam superposition. In addition, a comparison with the previous work is also made.