Psikoloji Bölümü Yayın Koleksiyonu
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12416/417
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Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 3The Mediating Role of Cognitive Flexibility in the Relationship Between Metacognition and Psychological Health: a Study in a Non-Clinical Sample(Kare Publ, 2021) Aydin, Oyku; Kaynak, HandeObjective: Metacognition is a concept that refers to the awareness and control of individuals' cognitive processes. In this regard, metacognitive processes may promote cognitive flexibility. The present study investigates the impact of metacognitions on adults' psychological health and the mediating role of cognitive flexibility through bootstrap analysis. Method: The sample comprised of 212 university students. All volunteers had no history of psychiatric/neurological disorders and no use of medication affecting the central nervous system for the last six months. Participants were required to complete the Metacognitions Questionnaire-30, the General Health Questionnaire- 12, and the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory via an online survey. Results: According to the correlation analyses, cognitive flexibility was found to be negatively correlated with dysfunctional metacognition (r=-0.227, p<0.01) and poor psychological health (r=-0.397, p<0.01); dysfunctional metacognition was positively correlated with poor psychological health (r=0.399, p<0.01). We conducted mediation analyses via the bootstrapping method using a 95% confidence interval and 5000 bootstrap samples. The results showed that cognitive flexibility had a significant partial mediating role in the relationship between metacognition and psychological health [R-2=0.26, F(2, 209)=36.38, p<0.001]. Conclusion: The findings highlighted the importance of cognitive flexibility as an underlying mechanism through the relationship between metacognition and psychological health in a non-clinical sample. The results suggested the need to take "cognitive health" into account while attempting to promote "psychological health."Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Direct and Indirect Relationships Between Cognitive Flexibility and Covid-19 Related Psychological Distress: the Mediating Role of Maladaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies(Klinik Psikiyatri dergisi, 2022) Sayinta, Senanur; Kocak, Hatice Nur; Kaynak, HandeObjective: The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are remarkable on individuals' mental health. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an increase in mental health problems and psychological distress in uninfected healthy people. The present study aimed to examine the mediator role of maladaptive cognitive emotion regula-tion strategies in the relationship between cognitive fle-xibility and COVID-19 related psychological distress experienced during the current pandemic. Method: The sample consisted of 351 young adults (86% female and 14% male) who were not infected with COVID-19 aged between 18 to 25 years old. Participants completed the self-report questionnaires, including the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and COVID-19 Related Psychological Distress Scale. Mediation analysis estimated total, indi-rect, and direct effects between cognitive flexibility and COVID-19 related psychological distress. Results: The correlation analyses showed that cognitive flexibility -control dimension was negatively associated with both COVID-19 related psychological distress and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Also, maladap-tive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and COVID-19 related psychological distress was found to be posi-tively correlated. In the study sample, the results of the bootstrap mediation indicated that maladaptive cogni-tive emotion regulation strategies, including self-blame, acceptance, rumination, catastrophizing, and blaming others, fully mediated the relationship between cogni-tive flexibility -control and COVID-19 related psycholog-ical distress. Discussion: Our findings would help psy-chological interventions designed for COVID-19 unin-fected healthy people who have lower-level cognitive flexibility -control dimension by highlighting the promi-nence that the fewer people use maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, the less they feel COVID-19 related psychological distress.Article Does a Correlation Exist Between Fluid Intelligence and Creativity(Cyprus Mental Health Institute, 2020) Yazihan, N.T.The aim of the study was to investigate the associations between fluid intelligence and creativity among young adults. The sample consisted of 26 university students who were recruited through convenience sampling method. The Raven Standard Progressive Matrices (RSPM) 9 item-form and a divergent thinking test were used to measure fluent intelligence and creativity, respectively. In order to examine the associations between creativity and fluent intelligence correlational analysis was applied. The Pearson’s correlation coefficient revealed that there was no significant relationship between the tests of divergent thinking and RSPM total score. On the other hand, the results showed a significant positive correlation between the RSPM visuospatial factor and both fluency (r=.47, p<.01) and flexibility (r=.41, p<.01) dimensions of the divergent thinking test. As a result, we suggest that certain basic processes regarding fluid intelligence (e.g. visual spatial reasoning) and creativity operate through common and similar mechanisms. Future studies could investigate the association between these constructs by using neuro-imagining method and focus on how these skills can be integrated into real life situations. © 2020, Cyprus Mental Health Institute. All rights reserved.Article A Review on Executive Functions and Memory Processes Associated With Feeding and Eating Disorders(Istanbul Universitesi, 2020) Çobanoğlu, F.Ö.; Kaynak, H.From the beginning of humankind, feeding has become one of the most important requirements of social adaptation and survival. Since the 20th century, research on feeding and eating disorders has tried to give some explanations of various eating behaviors, such as starving because of thoughts about being overweight or non-stop binge eating by the individual, relational, or social factors. However, they are inadequate to fully explain the psychopathological and cognitive factors underlying feeding and eating disorders. The complex behavioral pattern behind eating disorders can lead to impairments in people’s attention, memory, and metacognitive processes. Certain higher-order cognitive mechanisms such as problem solving, reasoning, and decision making are impaired in individuals suffering from eating disorders, especially anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder, compared to healthy individuals. Several researches aimed to find out evidence that may recover these impairments or that may lead to preventive measures for the risk of developing eating disorders. The aim of the current study is to examine the researches on the effects of eating disorders on individuals’ executive functions and memory processes and to explore the links between eating disorders, executive functions, and memory. © 2020, Istanbul Universitesi. All rights reserved.Review A Review on Executive Functions and Memory Processes Associated with Feeding and Eating Disorders(2020) Çobanoğlu, Fatma Öykü; Kaynak, HandeFrom the beginning of humankind, feeding has become one of the most important requirements of social adaptation and survival. Since the 20th century, research on feeding and eating disorders has tried to give some explanations of various eating behaviors, such as starving because of thoughts about being overweight or non-stop binge eating by the individual, relational, or social factors. However, they are inadequate to fully explain the psychopathological and cognitive factors underlying feeding and eating disorders. The complex behavioral pattern behind eating disorders can lead to impairments in people’s attention, memory, and metacognitive processes. Certain higher-order cognitive mechanisms such as problem solving, reasoning, and decision making are impaired in individuals suffering from eating disorders, especially anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder, compared to healthy individuals. Several researches aimed to find out evidence that may recover these impairments or that may lead to preventive measures for the risk of developing eating disorders. The aim of the current study is to examine the researches on the effects of eating disorders on individuals’ executive functions and memory processes and to explore the links between eating disorders, executive functions, and memory.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 5The Relationship Between Probable Adhd and Playing Mmorpgs With the Severity of Disordered Gaming: The Effect of Gaming Motivations(Kare Publ, 2021) Evren, Cuneyt; Evren, Bilge; Dalbudak, Ercan; Topcu, Merve; Kutlu, Nilay; Topcu-bulut, MerveObjective: The main aim of the present study was to consider the impact of gaming motivations among young adults when evaluating the relationship between probable attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and massively multiplayer online role-playing games (MMORPGs), with disordered gaming. Method: In the present study, participants were assessed with the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scales (ASRS-v1.1), the Motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ), and the nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS9-SF). Results: Participants with probable ADHD (n=143,19.2%) and without probable ADHD (n=602, 80.8%) did not differ according to the current age, gender, presence of romantic relationship, marital status, where and with whom they are living, employment status and time spent on the gaming. Compared to participants without probable ADHD, those with probable ADHD had higher rates of having a game console, purchasing games, gaming more than usual on weekends, having problems related to gaming, probable internet gaming disorder (IGD) according to IGDS9-SF cut-off score and higher scales scores (IGDS9-SF and MOGQ), whereas they had a lower age at first gaming. Among different game types, those with probable ADHD were gaming more with multiplayer online battle arena games, social network games, music games, MMORPGs, sports games/car games, and horror-themed/survival games. Scores of all six types of gaming motives were higher among those with probable ADHD, and among them coping/escape, social, skill development, and fantasy distinguished the presence of probable ADHD. In the ANCOVA analysis, the presence of probable ADHD and the use of MMORPGs (as well as online gaming motives [coping/escape, recreation, fantasy, social and competition]) predicted the severity of IGD symptoms, and also these effects also interacted, involving probable ADHD and using MMORPGs. Conclusion:These findings suggest that those with probable ADHD may have different gaming characteristics than those without probable ADHD. Probable ADHD and using MMORPGs are related to the severity of disordered gaming, along with almost all type of online gaming motivations. Also, the effects of probable ADHD and MMORPGs use interacted with each other.Article The effect of agitation on caregivers’ burden in patients with dementia(2014) Özel Kizil, Erguvan Tuğba; Altintafi, H. Özge; Bafituğ, Gülbahar; Durmaz, Nazli; Altunöz, UmutIntroduction: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of agitation on caregiver relatives’ subjective burden together with other possible factors such as depressive symptoms, cognitive functions, duration of dementia, and caregivers’ age, education and gender. Materials and Method: The participants were 49 patients with dementia (mean age: 76.5; SD: 5.6) and their caregivers. Standardized Mini Mental Test and Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia were administered to the patient. Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory, Informant Questionnaire of Cognitive Decline in the Elderly and Zarit Burden Scale were administered to the ca-regivers. Linear regression analysis was used to examine the effects of the variables on caregiver burden. Results: There was neither a significant difference between gender and type of caregiver in terms of Zarit Burden Scale points, nor a significant correlation between Zarit Burden Scale scores and Standardized Mini Mental Test, Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia, age and education of the patient, education of the caregiver or duration of dementia. Significant correlations between Zarit Burden Scale scores and caregivers’ age, Informant Questionnaire of Cognitive Decline in the Elderly and Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory scores were found. Linear regression analysis showed a relationship only between agitation and caregiver burden. Conclusion: Patients’ agitation frequency which was assessed by Cohen-Mansfield Agitation Inventory was the basic factor in determining subjective caregiving. In addition to psychopharma-cological treatment, psychosocial interventions for caregivers are effective. In our country, dayca-re and homecare services, as well as supportive and educative psychosocial programs including interventions for agitation, should be improved.Article Remembered or Forgotten Stimuli: a Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study on the Effects of Emotion(Kare Publ, 2020) Kilic, Betul; Ozcelik, ErolObjective: The first aim of this study is to examine why emotional events enhance memory for preceding stimuli. The second goal is to identify brain regions associated with remembering and forgetting by finding brain activation differences during encoding of remembered and forgotten stimuli. The third goal is to examine which brain areas are activated when studying emotional pictures compared to neutral ones. Method: In each trial, a picture of an object followed by an emotional or neutral picture from the Turkish culture were presented to 15 volunteers. The effect of the succeeding pictures on the remembering of preceding stimuli was examined. The participants studied the stimuli in the magnetic resonance scanner and, meanwhile, brain images were taken. The memory performances of the participants were measured with the recognition test administered one week later. Results: Behavioral results suggest that emotion has no effect on memory for preceding stimuli. Functional magnetic resonance imaging results indicate that remembered stimuli compared to forgotten ones caused more activation in left inferior frontal gyrus and left superior medial gyrus. Emotional pictures create more activation in the - mid-temporal gyrus and supramarginal gyrus compared to neutral images. Conclusion: Brain structures in which activations are observed in remembered stimuli compared to forgotten ones (left inferior frontal gyrus and left superior medial gyrus) are responsible for the semantic elaboration and associative memory formation. Thus, it can be concluded that object pictures are remembered because they are processed more deeply. Besides, activations are observed in the areas known to be related to the processing of emotional face expressions when emotional and neutral pictures are compared.Article Citation - WoS: 11Citation - Scopus: 12Relationship of Internet Gaming Disorder Severity With Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, Alexithymia, and Aggression Among University Students(Kare Publ, 2019) Evren, Cuneyt; Evren, Bilge; Dalbudak, Ercan; Topcu, Merve; Kutlu, NilayObjective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship of Internet gaming disorder severity with alexithymia and aggression among university students, while controlling for effects of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Method: The study was conducted with an online survey among 987 volunteer university students in Ankara. Participants were evaluated by administering the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short-Form (IGDS9-SF), and the depression and anxiety subscales of the 90-Item Symptom Checklist-Revised (SCL-90-R). Results: Scores for the different scales mildly correlated with one other. In hierarchical linear regression analysis, both alexithymia (particularly the dimensions "difficulty identifying feelings" [DIF] and "externally-oriented thinking" [EOT]) and aggression (physical aggression) predicted the severity of Internet gaming disorder symptoms, together with severity of depressive symptoms. Conclusion: These findings suggest that among university students, the severity of alexithymia, particularly in its dimensions DDF and EOT, is related with the severity of Internet gaming disorder, together with aggression, particularly physical aggression, and depression.Article Sleep spindle-related electroencephalograph activity of young adults and its relation to cognitive functions(Ege Univ, 2019) Torun Yazıhan, Nakşidil; Yetkin, Sinan; Yazıhan, Nakşidil TorunObjective: Sleep spindles are phasic bursts of thalamocortical activity, typically defined as 11-16 Hz (in sigma frequency band) with a duration of 0.5 and 2 seconds. Spindles are most prominent during N2 sleep and are a defining feature of this stage. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between spindle characteristics and cognitive functions of young adults. Methods:The study sample consisted of 17 healthy male subjects aged between 19 and 28 years.The participants had no medical or psychological conditions and were not taking any medications that might affect their sleep pattern and neuropsychological measurements. Polysomnography recordings were conducted from 22:30 to 07:00 hour for two subsequent nights. The first night was for adaptation to the laboratory conditions and to rule out sleep apnea syndrome and periodic leg movements. The second night was used to analyze macro and micro parameters of sleep. A neuropsychological test battery comprising the Serial Digit Learning Test, Raven Standard Progressive Matrices, Verbal Fluency Test,Trail Making A-B, and the Auditory Verbal Learning Test were administered before the second-night sleep session. Sleep spindles in all non-rapid eye movement stage 2 sleep were scored visually from C3-A2 electroencephalogram derivation after polysomnographic analysis was completed. Each 30-sec epoch was analyzed with a high-pass band filtered at 0.3 Hz, and a low-pass band filtered at 35 Hz. Spindle characteristics such as duration, amplitude, mean and peak frequencies were analyzed using the fast Fourier transform algorithm. The association between the characteristics of sleep spindles and the neuropsychological test scores were analyzed using Spearman correlations. Results: Significant positive correlations were found between spindle density and both verbal auditory learning performance and verbal fluency, cognitive flexibility, and semantic organization performances. The serial digit learning test was correlated positively with mean duration, mean frequency, and peak frequency of sleep spindles. Finally, the mean duration, and mean frequency of spindles were positively correlated with verbal fluency, cognitive flexibility, and semantic organization. Conclusion: The associations between spindle features and memory, verbal fluency, and verbal learning abilities were consistent with previous research findings suggesting that sleep spindles might be related to cognitive abilities and the potential to learn. In other words, it might be an indicator of the current level of aptitude for learning.
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