Matematik Bölümü Yayın Koleksiyonu
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12416/413
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Article Citation - WoS: 3Citation - Scopus: 3Examination of Pine Wilt Epidemic Model Through Efficient Algorithm(Tech Science Press, 2022) Mahmoud, Emad E.; Al-Bugami, A. M.; Baleanu, Dumitru; Rafiq, Muhammad; Mohsin, Muhammad; Al Nuwairan, Muneerah; Raza, Ali; Nuwairan, Muneerah AlPine wilt is a dramatic disease that kills infected trees within a few weeks to a few months. The cause is the pathogen Pinewood Nematode. Most plant-parasitic nematodes are attached to plant roots, but pinewood nematodes are found in the tops of trees. Nematodes kill the tree by feeding the cells around the resin ducts. The modeling of a pine wilt disease is based on six compartments, including three for plants (susceptible trees, exposed trees, and infected trees) and the other for the beetles (susceptible beetles, exposed beetles, and infected beetles). The deterministic modeling, along with subpopulations, is based on Law of mass action. The stability of the model along with equilibria is studied rigorously. The authentication of analytical results is examined through well-known computer methods like Non-standard finite difference (NSFD) and the model's feasible properties (positivity, boundedness, and dynamical consistency). In the end, comparison analysis shows the effectiveness of the NSFD algorithm.Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 2Computational Algorithms for the Analysis of Cancer Virotherapy Model(Tech Science Press, 2022) Baleanu, Dumitru; Rafiq, Muhammad; Abbas, Syed Zaheer; Siddique, Abubakar; Javed, Umer; Nazir, Zaighum; Raza, AliCancer is a common term for many diseases that can affect any part of the body. In 2020, ten million people will die due to cancer. A worldwide leading cause of death is cancer by the World Health Organization (WHO) report. Interaction of cancer cells, viral therapy, and immune response are identified in this model. Mathematical and computational modeling is an effective tool to predict the dynamics of cancer virotherapy. The cell population is categorized into three parts like uninfected cells (x), infected cells (y), virus-free cells (v), and immune cells (z). The modeling of cancer-like diseases is based on the law of mass action (the rate of change of reacting substances is directly proportional to the product of interacting substances). Positivity, boundedness, equilibria, threshold analysis, are part of deterministic modeling. Later on, a numerical analysis is designed by using the standard and non-standard finite difference methods. The non-standard finite difference method is developed to study the long-term behavior of the cancer model. For its efficiency, a comparison of the methods is investigated.Article Bio-Inspired Modelling of Disease Through Delayed Strategies(Tech Science Press, 2022) Baleanu, Dumitru; Raza, Ali; Anwar, Pervez; Ahmed, Nauman; Rafiq, Muhammad; Cheema, Tahir Nawaz; Nasir, AroojIn 2020, the reported cases were 0.12 million in the six regions to the official report of the World Health Organization (WHO). For most children infected with leprosy, 0.008629 million cases were detected under fifteen. The total infected ratio of the children population is approximately 4.4 million. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the awareness programs implementation has been disturbed. Leprosy disease still has a threat and puts people in danger. Nonlinear delayed modeling is critical in various allied sciences, including computational biology, computational chemistry, computational physics, and computational economics, to name a few. The time delay effect in treating leprosy delayed epidemic model is investigated. The whole population is divided into four groups: those who are susceptible, those who have been exposed, those who have been infected, and those who have been vaccinated. The local and global stability of well-known conclusions like the Routh Hurwitz criterion and the Lyapunov function has been proven. The parameters' sensitivity is also examined. The analytical analysis is supported by computer results that are presented in a variety of ways. The proposed approach in this paper preserves equilibrium points and their stabilities, the existence and uniqueness of solutions, and the computational ease of implementation.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 4Stochastic Analysis for the Dynamics of a Poliovirus Epidemic Model(Tech Science Press, 2022) Baleanu, Dumitru; Khan, Zafar Ullah; Mohsin, Muhammad; Ahmed, Nauman; Rafiq, Muhammad; Anwar, Pervez; Raza, AliMost developing countries such as Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Bangladesh, and many more are still fighting against poliovirus. According to the World Health Organization, approximately eighteen million people have been infected with poliovirus in the last two decades. In Asia, still, some countries are suffering from the virus. The stochastic behavior of the poliovirus through the transition probabilities and non-parametric perturbation with fundamental properties are studied. Some basic properties of the deterministic model are studied, equilibria, local stability around the stead states, and reproduction number. Euler Maruyama, stochastic Euler, and stochastic Runge-Kutta study the behavior of complex stochastic differential equations. The main target of this study is to develop a nonstandard computational method that restores dynamical features like positivity, boundedness, and dynamical consistency. Unfortunately, the existing methods failed to fix the actual behavior of the disease. The comparison of the proposed approach with existing methods is investigated.Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Optimization of Coronavirus Pandemic Model Through Artificial Intelligence(Tech Science Press, 2023) Nasir, Arooj; Baleanu, Dumitru; Raza, Ali; Cheema, Tahir Nawaz; Ahmed, Nauman; Mahmoud, Emad E.; Alqarni, Manal. M.Artificial intelligence is demonstrated by machines, unlike the natural intelligence displayed by animals, including humans. Artificial intelligence research has been defined as the field of study of intelligent agents, which refers to any system that perceives its environment and takes actions that maximize its chance of achieving its goals. The techniques of intelligent computing solve many applications of mathematical modeling. The research work was designed via a particular method of artificial neural networks to solve the mathematical model of coronavirus. The representation of the mathematical model is made via systems of nonlinear ordinary differential equations. These differential equations are established by collecting the susceptible, the exposed, the symptomatic, super spreaders, infection with asymptomatic, hospitalized, recovery, and fatality classes. The generation of the coronavirus model's dataset is exploited by the strength of the explicit Runge Kutta method for different countries like India, Pakistan, Italy, and many more. The generated dataset is approximately used for training, validation, and testing processes for each cyclic update in Bayesian Regularization Backpropagation for the numerical treatment of the dynamics of the desired model. The performance and effectiveness of the designed methodology are checked through mean squared error, error histograms, numerical solutions, absolute error, and regression analysis.Article Citation - Scopus: 1Numerical Investigation of Malaria Disease Dynamics in Fuzzy Environment(Tech Science Press, 2023) Baleanu, Dumitru; Ahmed, Nauman; Awrejcewicz, Jan; Rafiq, Muhammad; Raza, Ali; Ahmad, Muhammad Ozair; Dayan, FazalThe application of fuzzy theory is vital in all scientific disciplines. The construction of mathematical models with fuzziness is little studied in the literature. With this in mind and for a better understanding of the disease, an SEIR model of malaria transmission with fuzziness is examined in this study by extending a classical model of malaria transmission. The parameters beta and delta, being function of the malaria virus load, are considered fuzzy numbers. Three steady states and the reproduction number of the model are analyzed in fuzzy senses. A numerical technique is developed in a fuzzy environment to solve the studied model, which retains essential properties such as positivity and dynamic consistency. Moreover, numerical simulations are carried out to illustrate the analytical results of the developed technique. Unlike most of the classical methods in the literature, the proposed approach converges unconditionally and can be considered a reliable tool for studying malaria disease dynamics.Article Numerical Analysis for the Effect of Irresponsible Immigrants on Hiv/Aids Dynamics(Tech Science Press, 2023) Baleanu, Dumitru; Rafiq, Muhammad; Awrejcewicz, Jan; Ahmed, Nauman; Raza, Ali; Ahmad, Muhammad Ozair; Ali, Muhammad TariqThe human immunodeficiency viruses are two species of Lentivirus that infect humans. Over time, they cause acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, a condition in which progressive immune system failure allows life-threatening opportunistic infections and cancers to thrive. Human immunodeficiency virus infection came from a type of chimpanzee in Central Africa. Studies show that immunodeficiency viruses may have jumped from chimpanzees to humans as far back as the late 1800s. Over decades, human immunodeficiency viruses slowly spread across Africa and later into other parts of the world. The Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) models are significant in studying disease dynamics. In this paper, we have studied the effect of irresponsible immigrants on HIV/AIDS dynamics by formulating and considering different methods. Euler, Runge Kutta, and a Non-standard finite difference (NSFD) method are developed for the same problem. Numerical experiments are performed at disease-free and endemic equilibria points at different time step sizes 'h'. The results reveal that, unlike Euler and Runge Kutta, which fail for large time step sizes, the proposed Non-standard finite difference (NSFD) method gives a convergence solution for any time step size. Our proposed numerical method is bounded, dynamically consistent, and preserves the positivity of the continuous solution, which are essential requirements when modeling a prevalent disease.Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 2Computational Investigation of Hand Foot Mouth Disease Dynamics With Fuzziness(Tech Science Press, 2023) Dayan, Fazal; Ahmed, Nauman; Rafiq, Muhammad; Raza, Ali; Ahmad, Muhammad Ozair; Baleanu, DumitruThe first major outbreak of the severely complicated hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD), primarily caused by enterovirus 71, was reported in Taiwan in 1998. HFMD surveillance is needed to assess the spread of HFMD. The parameters we use in mathematical models are usually classical mathematical parameters, called crisp parameters, which are taken for granted. But any biological or physical phenomenon is best explained by uncertainty. To represent a realistic situation in any mathematical model, fuzzy parameters can be very useful. Many articles have been published on how to control and prevent HFMD from the perspective of public health and statistical modeling. However, few works use fuzzy theory in building models to simulate HFMD dynamics. In this context, we examined an HFMD model with fuzzy parameters. A Non Standard Finite Difference (NSFD) scheme is developed to solve the model. The developed technique retains essential properties such as positivity and dynamic consistency. Numerical simulations are presented to support the analytical results. The convergence and consistency of the proposed method are also discussed. The proposed method converges unconditionally while the many classical methods in the literature do not possess this property. In this regard, our proposed method can be considered as a reliable tool for studying the dynamics of HFMD.Article Citation - WoS: 4Citation - Scopus: 4Computational Analysis for Computer Network Model With Fuzziness(Tech Science Press, 2023) Baleanu, Dumitru; Dayan, Fazal; Ullah, Sami; Ahmed, Nauman; Rafiq, Muhammad; Raza, Ali; Alfwzan, Wafa F.A susceptible, exposed, infectious, quarantined and recovered (SEIQR) model with fuzzy parameters is studied in this work. Fuzziness in the model arises due to the different degrees of susceptibility, exposure, infectivity, quarantine and recovery among the computers under consideration due to the different sizes, models, spare parts, the surrounding environments of these PCs and many other factors like the resistance capacity of the individual PC against the virus, etc. Each individual PC has a different degree of infectivity and resistance against infection. In this scenario, the fuzzy model has richer dynamics than its classical counterpart in epidemiology. The reproduction number of the developed model is studied and the equilibrium analysis is performed. Two different techniques are employed to solve the model numerically. Numerical simulations are performed and the obtained results are compared. Positivity and convergence are maintained by the suggested technique which are the main features of the epidemic models.Article Citation - WoS: 6Citation - Scopus: 7Treatment of Polio Delayed Epidemic Model Via Computer Simulations(Tech Science Press, 2022) Baleanu, Dumitru; Raza, Ali; Rafiq, Muhammad; Soori, Atif Hassan; Naveed, MuhammadThrough the study, the nonlinear delayed modelling has vital significance in the different field of allied sciences like computational biology, computational chemistry, computational physics, computational economics and many more. Polio is a contagious viral illness that in its most severe form causes nerve injury leading to paralysis, difficulty breathing and sometimes death. In recent years, developing regions like Asia, Africa and sub-continents facing a dreadful situation of poliovirus. That is the reason we focus on the treatment of the polio epidemic model with different delay strategies in this article. Polio delayed epidemic model is categorized into four compartments like susceptible, exposed, infective and vaccinated classes. The equilibria, positivity, boundedness, and reproduction number are investigated. Also, the sensitivity of the parameters is analyzed. Well, known results like the Routh Hurwitz criterion and Lyapunov function stabilities are investigated for polio delayed epidemic model in the sense of local and global respectively. Furthermore, the computer simulations are presented with different traditions in the support of the analytical analysis of the polio delayed epidemic model.