Nane (Mentha Arvensıs) Kullanılarak Bir Nanomateryalin Sentezi ve Yağla Kirlenmiş Toprağa Verdiği Tepki: Organik Kimya Perspektifi ve Nano Uygulamalar
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2025
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Ağır petrol, hidrokarbonlar veya radyoaktif izotoplar gibi petrol ürünleriyle toprak kirlenmesi, özellikle Bağdat merkezli Central Oil Company gibi endüstriyel komplekslerin çevresinde ciddi çevresel ve sağlık riskleri oluşturmaktadır. Bu araştırma, Mentha arvensis'in alkollü özütünden sentezlenen ZnO-NP'leri kullanarak bu tür kirleticileri dekontamine etmek için nanoteknolojinin yeşil ve çevre dostu sınırlarını kullanmayı amaçlamaktadır. Petrol atıkları bulunan yerlerden toprak örnekleri alınmış ve incelenmiştir. Kirlenmiş bölgelerdeki topraklarda yüksek kurşun ve kadmiyum içeriği gözlenmiştir. Bu da endüstriyel kirlenmenin ve petrol kalıntılarının etkisini göstermektedir. Toplam petrol hidrokarbonları (TPH) ise yüksek konsantrasyonlarda bulunmuş ve petrol kirliliğinin çevre üzerindeki etkisini yansıtmaktadır. Çevresel petrol kirliliği değerlendirmesi için kritik parametreler olan polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbonlar (PAH) ve alifatik hidrokarbonlar yüksek oranda bulunmuştur. Petrol kirliliği nedeniyle toprağın fiziksel ve kimyasal özelliklerinde önemli değişiklikler meydana gelmiştir. Kirlenmiş toprağın hacim yoğunluğu artmış ve boşluk hacmi azalmıştır; bu da toprağın havalanma ve su tutma kapasitesini olumsuz etkilemektedir. Bu durum aynı zamanda toprağın mineral bileşimini de etkileyerek, toprağın mikrobiyal ve bitki yaşamını destekleme kapasitesini azaltabilir. Bu tür değişiklikler, özellikle hidrokarbon kirliliğinin ileri düzeyde olduğu bölgelerde bitki gelişimi üzerinde ciddi sonuçlar doğurmaktadır. Kirlenmiş topraklardaki kirleticilerin giderilmesi, Mentha arvensis aracılı ZnO-NP'ler kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sentezlenen nanopartiküllerin karakterizasyonu, FTIR, EDX ve SEM gibi bazı analiz teknikleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen ZnO-NP'ler, petrolle kirlenmiş toprağın iyileştirilmesinde kullanılmıştır. İyileştirme süreci üzerindeki etkilerini incelemek için farklı ZnO-NP konsantrasyonları kullanılmıştır. Toprak ZnO-NP'lerle işlemden geçirildikten sonra, değişen hidrokarbon konsantrasyonları GC-MS ile ölçülmüştür. Son olarak, çevresel risk değerlendirmesi kullanılarak Risk Katsayısı (RQ) analizi de gerçekleştirilmiştir. Genel olarak, bu çalışmada Mentha arvensis aracılı ZnO-NP'ler yeşil sentez yöntemiyle sentezlenmiştir. Sonuçlar, bu nanopartiküllerin topraktaki petrol kirliliğinden kaynaklanan hidrokarbon konsantrasyonunu başarıyla azalttığını göstermiştir. Bu birleşik yaklaşım, hem kimyasal hem de biyolojik detoksifikasyonu teşvik ederek toprak iyileştirilmesi için yeşil ve çevre dostu bir çözüm sunmaktadır. Yavaş ayrışma bilgisi ayrıca ZnO-NP'lerin topraktan petrol kirliliğinin giderilmesinde sürekli bir etki sağladığını ve kirleticilerin giderek azaldığını göstermektedir.
Soil contamination by oil products such as heavy oil, hydrocarbons, or radioactive isotopes, especially around industrial complexes like the Baghdad-headquartered Central Oil Company, poses severe environmental and health risks. The present research seeks to utilize the green and environmentally friendly frontier of nanotechnology to decontaminate such pollutants using ZnO-NPs synthesized from the alcoholic extract of Mentha arvensis. Soil samples were taken from the sites of oil waste and studied. The soil in the contaminated locations reflected high contents of lead and cadmium, indicating the effect of industrial contamination and oil residues, and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) at high concentrations, reflecting the impact of oil contamination on the environment. There were high contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and aliphatic hydrocarbons, which are critical parameters for environmental oil pollution assessment. Significant changes in the physical and chemical properties of soil due to oil pollution have occurred. The bulk density of contaminated soil has been greater, and the void volume has decreased, which negatively impacts the aeration and water-holding capacity of the soil. This has also affected the mineral composition of the soil, which may reduce the capacity of the soil to support microbial and plant life. Changes in such ways have extreme consequences for plant development, particularly in regions with advanced hydrocarbon pollution. Remediation of the pollutants in contaminated soil was performed using Mentha arvensis-mediated ZnO-NPs. The characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles was performed using some analysis techniques such as, FTIR, EDX, and SEM. The obtained ZnO-NPs were utilized in the remediation of oil-contaminated soil. Different concentrations of ZnO-NPs were employed to examine the effects on remediation process. After treating the soil with ZnO-NPs, the changing concentrations of hydrocarbons were measured with GC-MS. At last, Risk Quotient (RQ) analysis also performed by using environmental risk assessment. Overall, in this study Mentha arvensis-mediated ZnO-NPs synthesized with a green synthesis method. The results showed that these nanoparticles are successfully decrease the concentration of the hydrocarbons arises from oil contamination in soil. This combined approach represents a green, environmentally friendly solution for soil remediation, promoting both chemical and biological detoxification. Gradual decomposition information also indicates that ZnO-NPs provided a sustained effect in the removal of oil contamination from soil, with pollutants decreasing progressively.
Soil contamination by oil products such as heavy oil, hydrocarbons, or radioactive isotopes, especially around industrial complexes like the Baghdad-headquartered Central Oil Company, poses severe environmental and health risks. The present research seeks to utilize the green and environmentally friendly frontier of nanotechnology to decontaminate such pollutants using ZnO-NPs synthesized from the alcoholic extract of Mentha arvensis. Soil samples were taken from the sites of oil waste and studied. The soil in the contaminated locations reflected high contents of lead and cadmium, indicating the effect of industrial contamination and oil residues, and total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPHs) at high concentrations, reflecting the impact of oil contamination on the environment. There were high contents of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and aliphatic hydrocarbons, which are critical parameters for environmental oil pollution assessment. Significant changes in the physical and chemical properties of soil due to oil pollution have occurred. The bulk density of contaminated soil has been greater, and the void volume has decreased, which negatively impacts the aeration and water-holding capacity of the soil. This has also affected the mineral composition of the soil, which may reduce the capacity of the soil to support microbial and plant life. Changes in such ways have extreme consequences for plant development, particularly in regions with advanced hydrocarbon pollution. Remediation of the pollutants in contaminated soil was performed using Mentha arvensis-mediated ZnO-NPs. The characterization of the synthesized nanoparticles was performed using some analysis techniques such as, FTIR, EDX, and SEM. The obtained ZnO-NPs were utilized in the remediation of oil-contaminated soil. Different concentrations of ZnO-NPs were employed to examine the effects on remediation process. After treating the soil with ZnO-NPs, the changing concentrations of hydrocarbons were measured with GC-MS. At last, Risk Quotient (RQ) analysis also performed by using environmental risk assessment. Overall, in this study Mentha arvensis-mediated ZnO-NPs synthesized with a green synthesis method. The results showed that these nanoparticles are successfully decrease the concentration of the hydrocarbons arises from oil contamination in soil. This combined approach represents a green, environmentally friendly solution for soil remediation, promoting both chemical and biological detoxification. Gradual decomposition information also indicates that ZnO-NPs provided a sustained effect in the removal of oil contamination from soil, with pollutants decreasing progressively.
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Mühendislik Bilimleri, Engineering Sciences
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3
GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING
