Entanglement of Optical and Microcavity Modes by Means of an Optoelectronic System

Abstract

Entanglement between optical and microwave cavity modes is a critical issue in illumination systems. Optomechanical systems are utilized to introduce coupling between the optical and microwave cavity modes. However, due to some restrictions of the optomechanical system, especially sensitivity to the thermal photon noise at room temperature, an alternative optoelectronic system is designed to address the problem. We study a method by which it may be possible to remove the mechanical part of the previous systems to minimize the thermally generated photons. Unlike optomechanical systems, in our system, the optical mode is directly coupled to the microwave cavity mode through the optoelectronic elements without employing any mechanical parts. The utilized approach leads to generating the entangled modes at room temperature. For this purpose, the dynamics of the motion of the optoelectronic system is theoretically derived using the Heisenberg-Langevin equations from which one can calculate the coupling between optical and microwave cavity modes. The direct coupling between the optical and microwave cavity modes is the most important feature and is achieved through the combination of the photodetector and a Varactor diode. Hence, by controlling the photodetector current, that is, the photocurrent, depending on the optical cavity incident wave and the Varactor diode-biased voltage, the coupling between the optical and microwave cavity modes is established. The voltage across the Varactor diode also depends on the generated photocurrent. Consequently, our results show that the coupled modes are entangled at room temperature without the requirement for any mechanical parts.