Uluslararası Ticaret Bölümü Yayın Koleksiyonu
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12416/401
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Book Part Digital Economy: the Correlation Between Digital Technology and Economic Growth-An Emperical Application(IGI Global, 2023) Gökmen, A.; Dinç, D.The aim of this study is to explain the concept of digital economy and to examine the effect of digital technology on economic growth. In the study, the causality relationship between digital technology and economic growth in the Turkish economy for the period 2004-2021 was investigated with the Toda-Yamamoto test. As a result of the study, according to 10% significance level, bidirectional causality between internet usage-economic growth, computer usage-economic growth, and one-way causality between mobile line usage and economic growth from mobile line usage to economic growth was determined. No causal relationship was found between website ownership and economic growth in enterprises. According to the 5% significance level, a one-way causality relationship was determined from only computer and internet use to economic growth. © 2023, IGI Global. All rights reserved.Book Part Culture, Cross-Cultural Communication, and International Business Communication in the Global Context: a Critical Approach(IGI Global, 2023) Gökmen, A.International business communication concerns the reconciliation of businesses and products which strive to embrace both the private and government sectors of numerous countries to conduct business transactions. Yet, inter-cultural communication is used when delivering different messages among different societies while doing international business. Thus, the aim of this chapter is to define the concepts of culture, international business communication and inter-cultural communication as well as integrate them on a global scale. © 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved.Article Türkiye’de Frmaların Finansmana Erişiminin Belirleyicileri Nelerdir(2020) Özşuca, Ekin AyşeÖzel sektörün iktisadi büyüme ve istihdam yaratmadaki inkar edilemez rolü göz önünde bulundurulduğunda, finansal sektör ile finansal olmayan özel sektör arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi önem kazanmaktadır. Ancak bu öneme rağmen, bulgular Türk firmalarının resmi finansal hizmetlere erişimkonusunda engellerle karşılaştıklarını ortaya koymaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, bu çalışma Türkiye’deki işletmeler tarafından finansmana erişime ilişkin belirleyicilere yönelik yeni ampirik bulgular sunmaktadır. Türk firmalarının kredi kısıtlamaları olup olmadığını ortaya koymak amacıyla bu araştırma, özellikle firmanın finansmana erişim gücünü etkileyebilecek bazı firma düzeyindeki özellikleri araştırmaktadır. Ampirik analizler, 2019 mali yılı için Dünya Bankası İşletme Anketi’nden alınan mikro seviye verilere dayanmaktadır. Üç farklı kredi kısıtlaması ölçüsü hesaplanmıştır; bunlardan bir tanesi algıya dayalı bir subjektif değişken ve diğer ikisi ise resmi finansal hizmetlerin kullanımına ve kredi kısıtlamalarına ilişkin doğrudan bilgiye dayanan objektif değişkenlerdir. Krediye ilişkin hem subjektif hem objektif değişkenleri kullanmak firma özellikleri arasındaki başlıca belirleyicilerin ne dereceye kadar alternatif kredi kısıtlaması ölçüleri ile sınıflandırılan işletmeler arasında farklılık gösterdiğinin değerlendirilmesini sağlamaktadır. Genel olarak araştırmanın sonuçları firmanın yaşının, mevcut yöneticinin deneyimlerinin, mülkiyette kadın/yabancı katılımının ve ihracatçı durumunun firmanın finansmana erişimiyle önemli derecede bağlantılı olduğunu göstermektedir. Sonuçlar, alternatif kredi göstergelerine bağlı alt kategoriler arasındaki kredi durumuna ilişkin altta yatan firma seviyesindeki faktörlerde bazı değişiklikler olduğunu açıkça ortaya koymuştur. Araştırmanın bulguları, firmaların kredi kısıtlamaları durumunun ve Türkiye’deki banka-firma bağının iyileştirilmesine yönelik politikanın geliştirilmesi bakımından oldukça önemlidir.Article Geleneksel Olmayan Para Politikası Çerçevesinde Türkiye’de Banka Kredi Kanalının Yeniden Gözden Geçirilmesi(2022) Özşuca, Ekin AyşeBu çalışma Türkiye’de uygulanan geleneksel olmayan para politikası çerçevesinde banka kredi kanalının etkinliğine yönelik ampirik kanıt ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, para politikası duruşundaki değişikliklerin banka kredi büyümesi üzerindeki etkisi 2011 ve 2019 arasındaki dönemi kapsayacak şekilde dinamik panel modelleme yöntemi kullanılarak araştırılmaktadır. Ampirik sonuçlar para politikası değişikliğini takiben Türk bankaların kredi arzında kesitsel farklılıklar olduğunu göstermekte, bu da 2010 sonrası politika bileşimi uygulaması döneminde banka kredi kanalının etkinliğine işaret etmektedir. Daha açık bir şekilde, küçük, likiditesi düşük ve sermayesi kısıtlı bankalar parasal sıkılaşma dönemlerinde daha keskin kredi daralması yaşama eğilimindedir. Bunun yanı sıra, bankalara özgü özellikler bağlamında sonuçlar, banka büyüklüğü ve yüksek sermayenin daha yüksek kredi arzına yol açtığını, buna karşılık likiditenin ise banka kredisi üzerinde negatif etkisi olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.Book Part The Importance of the Destination Choices of Tourists: The Case of Kazakh Tourists Visiting Turkey(IGI Global, 2020) Nakip, M.; Gökmen, A.This article describes how the tourism industry is one of the cornerstones of an economy when utilized effectively. Moreover, since the tourism destinations in a country cannot be moved to the visitors, tourists are promoted to visit these places. Therefore, in order to entice the tourists to visit a country, it is indispensable to advertise and promote a destination properly with its hospitality, recreation, sightseeing, sun, sea and natural characteristics in order to attract more visitors. Thus, the aim of this article is to review the literature comprehensively on the economic reflections of the tourism industry, significance of the marketing and promotion of destinations. With this information, the factors affecting the destination choices of tourists are determined. Finally, these factors are used to review the destination preferences of Kazakh tourists to the Turkish Republic by taking destination attractiveness, attributes and management issues into consideration alongside statistical applications. © 2021, IGI Global.Book Part The Effect of Net FDI Inflow on Economic Growth in Turkey: An Application With Toda-Yamamoto Approach(2022) Temiz, Dilek; Gökmen, AytaçCapital is one of the first and foremost requisites of economic development for every country in this world. However, not every country is given abundant capital. Foreign direct investment (FDI) occurs as a good cure to solve capital-related issues. In this study, the net FDI inflow and economic growth correlation was researched in Turkey for the period of 2010:1-2018:3 by employing quarterly data as well as applying the Augmented Dickey Fuller Test (ADF); Phillips-Perron (PP); Kwiatkowski, Phillips, Schmidt, Shin (KPSS); Elliott, Rothenberg, and Stock (ERS) Point Optimal; Ng-Perron Unit Root Tests; and Toda-Yamamoto Causality Tests. According to the findings of the study, there is a unidirectional causality running from net FDI to economic growth in Turkey.Article The Importance of FDI Inflows in Turkey: A Historical and Comprehensive Economic Review(2020) Gökmen, AytaçThe Republic of Turkey is located at the threshold of Eurasia consolidating the East with the West and North with the South. Moreover, it is at the conjunction of many investment and commercial routes. These advantages disposition gives Turkey a favorable investment climate especially in the form of FDI. The volume of FDI in the world is well over 1 trillion USDs, but Turkey can attract only a small amount of it. Even tough Turkey has substantial foreign debt and commercial deficits, it still has a strong government with political stability. Thus, the aim of this paper is to present the literature on FDI, FDI and economic growth nexus, a historical background of FDI in Turkey, and FDI's contributions to the Turkish economy.Article Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises and Development Prospects: A Critical and Contemporary Study on Turkey(2021) Gökmen, AytaçSmall and medium-sized enterprises are the backbone of a country. SMEs create most of the employment opportunities and comprise 90% to 95% of economic activities. Therefore, these make SMEs indispensable for the development of a country. Also, SMEs are the source of innovativeness, and they are the ones that respond to niche market needs that are ignored by large businesses. Small and medium-sized enterprises are an important instigator for the improvement and renewal of national economies. Thus, the aim of this paper is to review the concept of SME, differentiating features of SMEs, market economy, and state the importance of SMEs for the Republic of Turkey.Article The Importance of Railroad Freight Transportation and Its Correlation to Economic Growth: An Empirical Study on Turkey(2021) Köse, Volkan; Temiz Dinç, Dilek; Gökmen, AytaçIn this study, the railroad freight transportation and economic growth relationship in Turkey was examined using the econometric analysis for the period of 1984-2017. As a result of the econometric analysis, it was found that there is no causal relationship between railroad freight transportation and economic growth in the long run, while there is a causality relationship from railroad freight transportation to economic growth in the short run. In addition to causality tests, an econometric model was created using stationary series, and the OLS method was applied for this model. According to this estimation result, an increase in railroad freight transportation increases economic growth. When this result obtained from the OLS estimation and the findings obtained from the Granger causality test are evaluated altogether, it can be stated that an increase in railroad freight transportation accelerates economic growth in the short run in Turkey.Article The Issue of Logistics and Its Correlation to Economic Growth in Turkey: An Empirical Application(2021) Erkumru Can, Berrak; Temiz Dinç, Dilek; Gökmen, AytaçLogistics is a considerable issue for the development of a state and its economy. Logistics is involved the forward and backward flows of goods and services from the point of production and point of consumption, and it is considerable for the development of the economy of a country. Yet, the aim of this paper is to review the correlation between the logistics sector of the Turkish Republic and its correlation to economic growth by employing Augmented Dickey Fuller-ADF, Phillips-Perron (PP), Kwiatkowski, Phillips, Schmidt, Shin (KPSS), Elliott, Rothenberg and Stock Point Optimal, and Ng-Perron unit root tests. As a result, there is a bidirectional positive causality between logistics sector and economic growth in the long-term, but there is no causality for short term. Moreover, the novelty of this paper is that it is the most up-to-date study to research logistics and its correlation to economics in Turkey.