Psikoloji Bölümü Yayın Koleksiyonu
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12416/417
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Article Citation - WoS: 2Citation - Scopus: 3The Mediating Role of Cognitive Flexibility in the Relationship Between Metacognition and Psychological Health: a Study in a Non-Clinical Sample(Kare Publ, 2021) Aydin, Oyku; Kaynak, HandeObjective: Metacognition is a concept that refers to the awareness and control of individuals' cognitive processes. In this regard, metacognitive processes may promote cognitive flexibility. The present study investigates the impact of metacognitions on adults' psychological health and the mediating role of cognitive flexibility through bootstrap analysis. Method: The sample comprised of 212 university students. All volunteers had no history of psychiatric/neurological disorders and no use of medication affecting the central nervous system for the last six months. Participants were required to complete the Metacognitions Questionnaire-30, the General Health Questionnaire- 12, and the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory via an online survey. Results: According to the correlation analyses, cognitive flexibility was found to be negatively correlated with dysfunctional metacognition (r=-0.227, p<0.01) and poor psychological health (r=-0.397, p<0.01); dysfunctional metacognition was positively correlated with poor psychological health (r=0.399, p<0.01). We conducted mediation analyses via the bootstrapping method using a 95% confidence interval and 5000 bootstrap samples. The results showed that cognitive flexibility had a significant partial mediating role in the relationship between metacognition and psychological health [R-2=0.26, F(2, 209)=36.38, p<0.001]. Conclusion: The findings highlighted the importance of cognitive flexibility as an underlying mechanism through the relationship between metacognition and psychological health in a non-clinical sample. The results suggested the need to take "cognitive health" into account while attempting to promote "psychological health."Article Citation - WoS: 1Citation - Scopus: 1Direct and Indirect Relationships Between Cognitive Flexibility and Covid-19 Related Psychological Distress: the Mediating Role of Maladaptive Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies(Klinik Psikiyatri dergisi, 2022) Sayinta, Senanur; Kocak, Hatice Nur; Kaynak, HandeObjective: The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are remarkable on individuals' mental health. During the COVID-19 pandemic, there is an increase in mental health problems and psychological distress in uninfected healthy people. The present study aimed to examine the mediator role of maladaptive cognitive emotion regula-tion strategies in the relationship between cognitive fle-xibility and COVID-19 related psychological distress experienced during the current pandemic. Method: The sample consisted of 351 young adults (86% female and 14% male) who were not infected with COVID-19 aged between 18 to 25 years old. Participants completed the self-report questionnaires, including the Cognitive Flexibility Inventory, Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, and COVID-19 Related Psychological Distress Scale. Mediation analysis estimated total, indi-rect, and direct effects between cognitive flexibility and COVID-19 related psychological distress. Results: The correlation analyses showed that cognitive flexibility -control dimension was negatively associated with both COVID-19 related psychological distress and maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies. Also, maladap-tive cognitive emotion regulation strategies and COVID-19 related psychological distress was found to be posi-tively correlated. In the study sample, the results of the bootstrap mediation indicated that maladaptive cogni-tive emotion regulation strategies, including self-blame, acceptance, rumination, catastrophizing, and blaming others, fully mediated the relationship between cogni-tive flexibility -control and COVID-19 related psycholog-ical distress. Discussion: Our findings would help psy-chological interventions designed for COVID-19 unin-fected healthy people who have lower-level cognitive flexibility -control dimension by highlighting the promi-nence that the fewer people use maladaptive cognitive emotion regulation strategies, the less they feel COVID-19 related psychological distress.Article Kronik hastalıklarda duygu düzenleme: Kalp ve damar sistemi hastalıkları, kanser, migren, fibromiyalji ve sedef hastalığı üzerine bir derleme(Association for Clinical Psychology Research, 2023) Tuna, EzgiDuygu düzenleme; duyguların oluşumunu, çeşidini, yoğunluğunu, zaman akışındaki yerini ve ifadesini belirlediğimiz bilinçli ve bilinçdışı süreçleri içermektedir. Yapılan çalışmalar, duygu düzenlemenin ruh sağlığı üzerindeki kritik etkisinin yanı sıra, fiziksel sağlık üzerinde de önemli etkilerinin olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Özellikle kronik hastalığı olan bireylerde duyguların nasıl düzenlendiği öz-bakım, tedaviye uyum ve stres kaynaklarıyla baş etme gibi pek çok süreci etkileyerek hem fiziksel hem de psikolojik iyilik hali için belirleyici olmaktadır. Bunun yanında duygu düzenlemeyle ilgili sorunların bazı kronik hastalıkların etiyolojisinde ve seyrinde rol oynadığına dair kanıtlar mevcuttur. Bu derleme makalesinin amacı, kronik hastalıklarda duygu ve duygu düzenlemeye dair bilimsel çalışma bulgularını özetlemek ve mevcut çalışmalardaki eksiklere değinerek gelecek çalışmalar için öneriler sunmaktır. Bu amaçla, duygular ve sağlık ilişkisine dair mekanizmaların kısaca özetlenmesinin ardından; sırasıyla, kalp ve damar sistemi (KDS) hastalıkları, kanser, migren, fibromiyalji ve sedef hastalığında duygu düzenlemeyle ilgili bulgulara değinilmiştir. Özetle, KDS hastalıklarının etiyolojisinde duygu ve duygu düzenlemenin rolüne dair kanıtların güçlü olduğu görülmekteyken, kanser için etiyolojiye dair bulguların çelişkili olduğu söylenebilir. Migren, sedef hastalığı ve fibromiyalji için ise çalışma bulguları ilişkisel niteliktedir. Genel olarak çalışmalar kronik hastalığı olanlarda olmayanlara göre duygu düzenleme sürecinde aksaklıklar olduğunu göstermektedir. Hastalar arasında işlevsel duygu düzenleme stratejilerinin daha az kullanımı; psikopatoloji belirtileri, bedensel belirtiler ve düşük yaşam kalitesi gibi olumsuz sonuçlarla ilişkilendirilmiştir. Duygu düzenleme süreçlerinin kronik hastalıklardaki rolünün anlaşılması, önleyici çalışmaların planlanması ve kronik hastalığı olan bireylerin yaşam kalitesini arttıracak müdahalelerin geliştirilmesinde rehberlik etmesi açısından önemlidir. Makale, alanyazının genel bir değerlendirmesi ve öneriler ile sona ermektedir.Article Remembered or Forgotten Stimuli: a Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study on the Effects of Emotion(Kare Publ, 2020) Kilic, Betul; Ozcelik, ErolObjective: The first aim of this study is to examine why emotional events enhance memory for preceding stimuli. The second goal is to identify brain regions associated with remembering and forgetting by finding brain activation differences during encoding of remembered and forgotten stimuli. The third goal is to examine which brain areas are activated when studying emotional pictures compared to neutral ones. Method: In each trial, a picture of an object followed by an emotional or neutral picture from the Turkish culture were presented to 15 volunteers. The effect of the succeeding pictures on the remembering of preceding stimuli was examined. The participants studied the stimuli in the magnetic resonance scanner and, meanwhile, brain images were taken. The memory performances of the participants were measured with the recognition test administered one week later. Results: Behavioral results suggest that emotion has no effect on memory for preceding stimuli. Functional magnetic resonance imaging results indicate that remembered stimuli compared to forgotten ones caused more activation in left inferior frontal gyrus and left superior medial gyrus. Emotional pictures create more activation in the - mid-temporal gyrus and supramarginal gyrus compared to neutral images. Conclusion: Brain structures in which activations are observed in remembered stimuli compared to forgotten ones (left inferior frontal gyrus and left superior medial gyrus) are responsible for the semantic elaboration and associative memory formation. Thus, it can be concluded that object pictures are remembered because they are processed more deeply. Besides, activations are observed in the areas known to be related to the processing of emotional face expressions when emotional and neutral pictures are compared.Article Citation - WoS: 11Citation - Scopus: 12Relationship of Internet Gaming Disorder Severity With Symptoms of Anxiety, Depression, Alexithymia, and Aggression Among University Students(Kare Publ, 2019) Evren, Cuneyt; Evren, Bilge; Dalbudak, Ercan; Topcu, Merve; Kutlu, NilayObjective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship of Internet gaming disorder severity with alexithymia and aggression among university students, while controlling for effects of anxiety and depressive symptoms. Method: The study was conducted with an online survey among 987 volunteer university students in Ankara. Participants were evaluated by administering the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20), the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BPAQ), the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short-Form (IGDS9-SF), and the depression and anxiety subscales of the 90-Item Symptom Checklist-Revised (SCL-90-R). Results: Scores for the different scales mildly correlated with one other. In hierarchical linear regression analysis, both alexithymia (particularly the dimensions "difficulty identifying feelings" [DIF] and "externally-oriented thinking" [EOT]) and aggression (physical aggression) predicted the severity of Internet gaming disorder symptoms, together with severity of depressive symptoms. Conclusion: These findings suggest that among university students, the severity of alexithymia, particularly in its dimensions DDF and EOT, is related with the severity of Internet gaming disorder, together with aggression, particularly physical aggression, and depression.Article Citation - WoS: 16Citation - Scopus: 16Severity of Dissociative Experiences and Emotion Dysregulation Mediate the Relationship Between Childhood Trauma and Internet Addiction Symptom Severity Among Young Adults(Kare Publ, 2019) Evren, Cuneyt; Evren, Bilge; Dalbudak, Ercan; Topcu, Merve; Kutlu, Nilay; Elhai, Jon D.Objective: The first aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between childhood trauma and Internet addiction (IA) symptom severity. The second aim was to evaluate the mediator effects of dissociative experiences and emotion dysregulation on this relationship. Method: We conducted the study using an online survey with 920 university student participants. Participants were evaluated with the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ-28), and Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Results: Compared with participants evidencing low IA risk (n=806, 87.6%), those with high IA risk (n=114, 12.4%) had a longer duration of daily Internet use and a higher rate of problems related to Internet use. The high IA risk group was connected to the Internet less through a smartphone and more through computer use. In addition, scale scores (DES, DERS and CTQ-28) were higher among the group with high IA risk. Scale scores were mildly to moderately correlated with each other. In linear regression analysis, childhood trauma (particularly emotional abuse and physical neglect) was related to severity of IA symptoms. Severity of dissociative experiences and emotion dysregulation mediated the childhood trauma-IA symptom relationship. Conclusion: These findings suggest relations between the severity of childhood trauma, particularly emotional abuse and physical neglect dimensions, and severity of IA symptoms among Turkish young adults. Severity of dissociative experiences and emotion dysregulation may also partially mediate this relationship.Article Citation - WoS: 12Citation - Scopus: 12Psychometric Validation of the Turkish Ten-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test (igdt-10)(Kare Publ, 2020) Evren, Cuneyt; Evren, Bilge; Dalbudak, Ercan; Topcu, Merve; Kutlu, NilayObjective: The main aims of the current study were to test the factor structure, reliability and validity of the Ten-Item Internet Gaming Disorder Test (IGDT-10), a standardized measure to assess symptoms and prevalence of internet gaming disorder (IGD). Method: In the present study, participants were assessed with the IGDT-10, the nine-item IGD Scale - Short Form (IGDS9-SF), and the Motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ). Results: Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the IGDT-10's one-factor structure (i.e., dimensional structure) was satisfactory. The scale was also reliable (i.e., internally consistent with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.79) and showed adequate convergent and criterion-related validity as shown by positive correlations between average daily time spent playing games over the past year and IGDS9-SF and MOGQ scores. By applying the DSM-5 threshold to diagnose IGD (meeting at least five criteria), the incidence of individuals with IGD was found to be 7.4% (n=56) in the entire sample. Conclusion: These results demonstrate the Turkish version of the IGDT-10 to be a valid and reliable instrument for determining the magnitude of problems associated with IGD among young adults and for early diagnosis of IGD in clinical environments and comparable studies.Article Citation - WoS: 13Citation - Scopus: 14Relationship of Internet Gaming Disorder Symptom Severity With Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Among Young Adults(Kare Publ, 2020) Evren, Cuneyt; Evren, Bilge; Dalbudak, Ercan; Topcu, Merve; Kutlu, NilayObjective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship of Internet gaming disorder (IGD) symptom severity with non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) while controlling the effects of depression, anxiety and neuroticism among young adults. Method: The present study was conducted as a cross-sectional online self-report survey. The data were collected from 1010 volunteer Turkish university students in Ankara, persons who were in the e-mail database of a company located in Istanbul that organizes e-sports tournaments (ESL Turkey Amateur e-sport players), and Turkish gamers from gaming forums. Participants were evaluated by administering the IGD Scale-Short Form (IGDS-SF), the neuroticism dimension of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire Revised-Abbreviated Form, the Beck Anxiety Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory. Results: Age and gender did not differ between participants with NSSI (n=207, 20.5%) and those without NSSI (n=803, 79.5%). IGDS9-SF, depression, anxiety, and neuroticism scores were higher among individuals with NSSI. In logistic regression analysis, severity of IGD predicted the presence of NSSI, together with depression, anxiety, and neuroticism. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the severity of IGD in young adults is related with the presence of NSSI, together with depression, anxiety, and neuroticism. Thus, early detection and treatment of these risk factors is important for reducing self-injurious behavior in this age group.Article Citation - WoS: 9Citation - Scopus: 9Relationship Between Internet Gaming Disorder Symptoms With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Alexithymia Symptoms Among University Students(Turkish Green Crescent Soc, 2020) Evren, Bilge; Dalbudak, Ercan; Topcu, Merve; Kutlu, Nilay; Elhai, Jon D.; Evren, Cuneyt; Topcu Bulut, Merve; Topcu-bulut, MerveThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between Internet gaming disorder (IGD) symptom severity with probable attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and alexithymia symptoms, while controlling anxiety and depression symptoms. The cross-sectional online study was conducted with 987 volunteer university students in Ankara, Turkey. Age was lower and first. Internet use was earlier among the group with probable ADHD (n=166, 16.8%) than that without (n=821, 83.2%). There were no significant differences in gender or romantic relationship status between these groups, whereas the scale scores, duration of daily Internet gaming, and problems related to Internet gaming were higher in the probable ADHD group. Probable AMID, continuous scores on alexithymia (particularly "difficulty identifying feelings" [DIF] and "externally oriented thinking" [EOT] dimensions), depression, and anxiety symptoms were associated with higher severity of IGD symptoms. ADHD, alexithymia (as a binary variable), depression, and anxiety predicted the severity of IGD symptoms, although these effects involving probable ADHD and alexithymia did not interact. These findings suggest that probable AMID and both the severity of alexithymia (particularly DIF and EOT dimensions) and presence of probable alexithymia are related with the severity of IGD symptoms, even when controlling the effects of depression and anxiety, among university students.Article Citation - WoS: 15Citation - Scopus: 16Psychometric Validation of the Turkish Motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire (Mogq) Across University Students and Video Game Players(Turkish Green Crescent Soc, 2020) Evren, Cuneyt; Evren, Bilge; Dalbudak, Ercan; Topcu, Merve; Kutlu, Nilay; Topcu-bulut, MerveThe main aim of the current study was to test the factor structure, reliability, and validity of the 27-Item Motives for Online Gaming Questionnaire (MOGQ), a standardized measure to assess seven types of motivation for online gaming. In the present study, participants were assessed with the MOGQ, the nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS9-SF), and the Electronic Gaming Motives Questionnaire (EGMQ). The mean age and age at first gaming were lower and the socio-demographic factors such as male gender, living alone, having a game console, gaming more than usual in weekends, time spent on the gaming, having problems related with gaming, severity of IGD symptoms, and severity of online gaming motives were higher among the group of gamers than those in the group of students. Confirmatory factor analyses demonstrated that the six-factor structure (i.e., the dimensional structure) of the MOGQ was satisfactory for the Turkish version. The scale was also reliable (i.e., internally consistent with a Cronbach's alpha of 0.91 for coping/escape, 0.92 for recreation, 0.88 for fantasy, 0.91 for skill development, 0.87 for social, and 0.89 for competition) and showed adequate convergent and criterion-related validity, as indicated by statistically significant positive correlations with average time daily spent playing games during last year, IGDS9-SF, and EGMQ scores. These findings support the Turkish version of the MOGQ as a valid and reliable tool for determining the motives for online gaming among young adults.